Bangladesh

Team Agni 8E -Aarushi Sinha, Gayathri

Marisetty ,Hrithik Krishna, Naga Abhinav,
Saharsh Meka, Pratap Vishal, Trishna Tanaya,
Sai Ram Harsha, Aaradhya Goyal
More about
Bangladesh
The riverine country of Bangladesh (“Land of the
Bengals”) is one of the most densely populated
countries in the world, and its people are
predominantly Muslim. As the eastern portion of the
historical region of Bengal, the area once formed, along
with what is now the Indian state of West Bengal, the
province of Bengal in British India. With the partition of
India in 1947, it became the Pakistani province of East
Bengal (later renamed East Pakistan), one of five
provinces of Pakistan, separated from the other four by
1,100 miles (1,800 km) of Indian territory. In 1971 it
became the independent country of Bangladesh, with
its capital at Dhaka.
Food Security

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 What is Famine?

• Famine is a widespread condition in which many people in a country

or region are unable to access adequate food supplies. Famines
result in malnutrition, starvation, disease, and high death rates.
A famine exists when large numbers of people cannot get
enough food for long periods of time. People in a famine may
die from starvation or disease. There have been
famines throughout history and in all parts of the world.

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 Causes of Famine

• Severe food shortage triggered causes like conflict, drought, crop

failure, demographic disequilibrium, governmental policies, and so
on. Widespread death dues to diseases, starvation, and scarcity of
food. Crop failure leading to a nationwide scarcity of food.
• The Bangladesh famine of 1974 - 1975 was caused, in
part, by severe monsoon flooding which destroyed a
significant majority of the annual rice crop. ... Market failures
and price speculation in the food-grains market also played a
substantial role in the cause of the famine.

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 Green Revolution
• Green revolution, great increase in production of food grains (especially
wheat and rice) that resulted in large part from the introduction into
developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-
20th century. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico and the Indian
subcontinent.
• The spread of 'seed-fertilize-water' technology popularly known as green
revolution began in Bangladesh in the 1960s. At that time farmers rarely
used fertilizers, pesticides and modern irrigation equipment. Bangladeshi
farmers used traditional methods of farming that they practiced since
thousands of years.
• The new varieties require large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
to produce their high yields, raising concerns about cost and potentially
harmful environmental effects. Poor farmers, unable to afford the fertilizers
and pesticides, have often reaped even lower yields with these grains than
with the older strains, which were better adapted to local conditions and had
some resistance to pests and diseases.
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 Advances in the Green Revolutions

• Although the Green Revolution has been able to improve agricultural output in some
regions in the world, there was and is still room for improvement. As a result, many
organizations continue to invent new ways to improve the techniques already used in the
Green Revolution. Frequently quoted inventions are the System of Rice Intensification,
marker-assisted selection, agroecology, and applying existing technologies to agricultural
problems of the developing world. Current challenges for nations trying to modernize
their agriculture include closing the urban-rural income gap, integration of smallholders
into value chains, and maintaining competitiveness in the market.
• However, in low-income countries, chronic problems such as poverty and hunger cause
agricultural modernization efforts to be constrained. It is projected that global
populations by 2050 will increase by one-third and as such will require a 70% increase in
the production of food. Therefore, the Second Green Revolution will likely focus on
improving tolerances to pests and disease in addition to technological input use
efficiency.

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Development and Technique of
Agriculture
• Because of Bangladesh's fertile soil and normally ample water supply, rice
can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas. Due to a
number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved
steady increases in food grain production despite the often unfavorable
weather conditions.
• Close to 50 percent of Bangladesh's population is primarily employed
in agriculture, with more than 70 percent of its land dedicated to growing
crops. Major crops cultivated include rice, jute, wheat, tea, pulses, oil-seeds,
vegetables and fruits.
• Due to a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has
achieved steady increases in food grain production despite the often
unfavorable weather conditions. ... Because of Bangladesh's fertile soil and
normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a
year in many areas
• With one of the fastest rates of productivity growth in the world since 1995
(averaging 2.7 percent per year, second only to China), Bangladesh's
agricultural sector has benefited from a sound and consistent policy
framework backed up by substantial public investments in technology, rural
infrastructure and human .
• Major challenges include 1) Loss of Arable Land, 2) Population Growth, 3)
Climate Changes, 4-6) Inadequate Management Practices (Fertilizer, Water,
and Pests & Diseases), 7) Lack of Quality Seeds, and 8-10) Inadequate Credit
Support to Farmers, Unfair Price of Produces, and Insufficient Investment in
Research.
• Share of economic sectors in the GDP in Bangladesh 
In 2019, the share of agriculture in Bangladesh's gross domestic product
was 12.68 percent, industry contributed approximately 29.65 percent and
the services sector contributed about 52.85 percent.
Can you guess why the soil is rich in Bangladesh?
• Over millennia, the sediments carried by the huge discharges of these rivers
have built a broad delta, forming most of the large area of Bangladesh and
the submerged delta-plain in the bay of Bengal. These huge sediments are
the major sources of formation of 80% soils of the country.
• Despite many positive policy initiatives, Bangladesh's agriculture sector
still faces challenges, such as rapid shrinkage of agricultural land, population
growth, inadequate supply of agricultural inputs like fertilizers and seeds,
climate change and variations, inadequate value addition, and lagging
technology.
• Increasing the production, distribution, and adoption of stress-
tolerant seed varieties and promoting these varieties to farmers
who need them but are not aware of their availability or the
respective farming practices. Promoting high-yielding seed
varieties, which boost agricultural output.
• The soils of Bangladesh are divided into seven tracts, 20
general soil types and 537 soil series. At present,
the soils of Bangladesh are divided into thirty Agro-ecological
zones, thirty percent coastal areas present in Bangladesh.
A National Agricultural Census report has
• A person working in Gardening / Farming / Fishing said Bangladesh is currently home to 16.5
in Bangladesh typically earns around 15,700 BDT per month. million farmer families.
Salaries range from 6,580 BDT (lowest average) to 38,700 BDT
Three technologies that are
(highest average, actual maximum salary is higher). This is the
average monthly salary including housing, transport, and other changing agriculture in Bangladesh
benefits. Axial Flow Pump. Photo: CIMMYT.
Reaper. Photo: CIMMYT.
Seed fertilizer drill. Photo: CIMMYT.
• Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural
country where agriculture sector plays a vital role in accelerating the
economic growth. It is therefore important to have a profitable, sustainable
and environment-friendly agricultural system in order to ensure long-term
food security for people.
• Agriculture in Bangladesh is heavily dependent on the weather, and the
entire harvest can be wiped out in a matter of hours when cyclones hit the
country. According to the World Bank, the total arable land
in Bangladesh is 61.2 percent of the total land area (down from 68.3
percent in 1980).
• Based on climatic conditions, the land of Bangladesh has been divided into
7 climatic zones, as shown in Figure 1. There are two distinct cropping
seasons: Rabi (mid-November to mid-March) and Kharif (mid-March to
mid-November).
• Although rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are
assuming greater importance. Due to the expansion of irrigation networks,
some wheat producers have switched to cultivation of maize which is used
mostly as poultry feed. Tea is grown in the northeast. Because of Bangladesh's
fertile soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested
three times a year in many areas.  The country is among the top producers
of rice (fourth), potatoes (seventh), tropical fruits (sixth), jute (second), and
farmed fish (fifth).With 35.8 million metric tons produced in 2000, rice is
Bangladesh's principal crop. In comparison to rice, wheat output in 1999 was
1.9 million tones (1,900,000 long tons; 2,100,000 short tons).
• National sales of the classes of insecticide used on rice, including granular
carbofuran, synthetic pyrethroids, and marathon exceeded 13,000 tons of
formulated product in 2003. Insecticides not only represent an environmental
threat, but are a significant expenditure to poor rice farmers. The Bangladesh
Rice Research Institute is working with various NGOs and international
organizations to reduce insecticide use in rice
Comparison between all the four countries .

• Bangladesh
• India
• United States of
America
• Ethiopia
 Comparison - Agriculture
Countries Bangladesh India USA Ethiopia
Agriculture Rice, wheat, maize, Rice is the staple food The history of agriculture in Ethiopia's major
potato, pulses, and crop of India. The Hot and the United States covers the staple crops include a
oil seeds are major wet climate is favorable period from the first English variety of cereals,
food crops in for rice. Rice is grown in settlers to the present day. pulses, oilseeds, and
Bangladesh. While the months of April to In Colonial America,  coffee. Grains are the
rice is the primary October which includes agriculture was the primary most important field
staple food and the summer and rainy livelihood for 90% of the crops and the chief
most important seasons providing population, and most towns element in the diet of
crop, wheat and essential hot and wet were shipping points for the most Ethiopians. The
maize are of second climate. Rice is the staple export of agricultural principal grains are
and third food for Indians and products. Most farms were teff, wheat, barley,
importance. India’s climate is very geared toward subsistence corn, sorghum, and
much suitable for rice production for family use. millet.
cultivation.,
 Comparison – Suitability of
Countries Bangladesh Agriculture India USA Ethiopia

Suitable land Because of Bangladesh's fertile soil Primarily depends on the Even while the Our 
for and normally ample water supply, scale of the project i.e., how starting income and Feed the Future Str
agriculture rice can be grown and harvested much amount is to be base income for ategy in Ethiopia
three times a year in many areas. invested i.e., how much will farming in California  focuses on three
Due to a number of be acreage of the agricultural is low, it's still core components:
factors, Bangladesh’s labor- land to be purchased. In case considered one of inclusive and
intensive agriculture has achieved it is a small-scale operation, the best farming sustainable
steady increases in food grain then it is better to not to go states to live. agriculture-led
production despite the often- too far in other states or California has a economic growth,
unfavorable weather conditions regions. Buying a piece of temperate climate strengthening the
land at our own native place which is not only resilience of people
may serve the purpose as in good for crops but and institutions,
such a way the risk of other also makes for improving
people to forcibly occupying comfortable living. nutrition, and
the land by snatching it Not to mention that  fostering a
illegally will be minimal. California produces t regulatory
he most food environment and
 in the United States. private sector
conducive to
economic growth.
Countries Bangladesh India Usa Ethiopia

Clothing Shari is the main and Clothing for most Jeans, sneakers, Since the 19th century,
traditional dress Indians is also quite baseball caps, cowboy both men and women
of Bangladeshi women simple and typically hats and boots are have worn a shamma,
also and some young untailored. Men some items the long cotton robe
female also wears (especially in rural of clothing that are that doubles as a body
salwar kameez. In areas) frequently wear closely associated with and head cover. Men
urban areas, women little more than a Americans. Ralph traditionally wear white
can also be broadcloth dhoti, worn Lauren, Calvin Klein, cotton pants
seen wearing Sharee as a loose skirtlike Michael Kors and underneath the
or any other popular loincloth, or, in parts of Victoria Secret are shamma, while
dress like Salwar the south and east, the some well-known women wear colorful
kameez they tighter wraparound American brands dresses that reach to
would like to wear. lungi. Clothing for most their ankles [source:
Bangladeshi men wear Indians is also quite Selamta
lungi as casual wear (in simple and typically
rural areas). Due to the untailored.
British influence during
colonization, shirt-pant
and suits are very
common.
Famine in Bangladesh
Development and
Techniques of Agriculture
in Bangladesh
Clothing and Agriculture
in Bangladesh
Thank you