Agriculture In Pakistan

Presented by

Ajlan
Najeeb
Sohail
Waleed
Naeem
 Sequence
 Introduction

 Historical Evolution

 Problems

 Solutions

 Current govt. efforts

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 Introduction
 Definition:
agriculture is an art science & occupation of cultivating the soil ,
producing crops , earning living hood.

 Backbone & vital

Agriculture is backbone and also vital sector of pakistan economy
 Survival & growth
Pakistan survival & growth are directly dependent on its agriculture due
to political social and financial linkages. But the growth of agriculture
facing a lot of problems due to many causes per are yield is very low in
pakistan as compere to other development countries.

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 Economic structure
Despite its relative decline in formal economy in percentage term
agriculture still dominant sector in overall economic structure..

 21.4% in GDP
It accounts 21.4% of total GDP in pakistan. According 2013

 41% labor
its employees 41% the labor force of pakistan
 25% area
About 25% to 28% of pakistan land area is under the cultivation but 80
millions hectares area is idle and un utilized .

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 Introduction (count.)

 basic facts
Agriculture sector of pakistan consists for sectors livestock, crops forest and
fisheries
Livestock contributes is 52% in total agriculture production while crops add
46% in which major crops add 35% and 13% minor crops. Fisheries
contributes less then 1% and forestry more then 1%

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 Major & Minor crops
 wheat
The last year productivity of wheat is 24.2 million tons
 Rice
The rise is 5541 thousands tons produced in 2013
 Sugarcane
The production of sugarcane is 62504 thousands tons in 2013
 Cotton , Maize
Its produced 13.1 million bales in 2013 it is less production as compare of
previous year because of flash flood of northern punjab specially in rajan pur
DGK and attock.
 Minor crops
the minor crops are onions potato's, tobaccos, gram, and sunflowers

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History Of Agriculture
 Agriculture was started since the man stepped on
the earth. It is said that agriculture was developed
about 12000 years ago.

 Earlier people used to grow Flora and Fauna for

their own use and later on as time passed they
started to grow more crops.

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 Historical Evolution-1950s
(Pre Green Revolution Era )

 During the 1950s,agriculture growth was less due to less

area under cultivation and low productivity

 Low technological base, adverse agricultural terms of trade,

patterns of landholding, all are factors of low productivity.

 Main driver of growth that is irrigation became increased in

cultivated area which increased from 11.6 m ha in 1948 to
15.3 m ha by 1960

 Development of lands (particularly in the new barrage

areas) had huge impact on production

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 Historical Evolution-1960s
(Green Revolution Era)

 During the1960’ emphasis shifted towards vertical expansion-

increase in yields through genetic engineering in major crops
(wheat, rice, cotton )

 Land Reforms of 1959 devised a rational land tenure policy.

Implementation facilitated creation of new social relationship
conducive for agricultural growth

 Rapid increase in tube wells contributed to more than a million ha

cropped area in Punjab alone (100% increase in cropping intensity)

 Agricultural sector grew at 3.8% pa with the production of all crops

grew around 4.8% per year

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 Historical Background-1970s
Green Revolution 2

 Varieties evolved during the 1960s were adopted widely by

farmers in the 1970s .

 Use of inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides), controlled

water, and access to subsidized electricity and credit on a
large scale

 Price and non-price measures resulted in higher use of

modern inputs

 Three rural reconstruction programs’ thrust to create more

rural employment, facilitate flow of farm inputs and
outputs and provide agri. services in small towns closer to
farmers’ doorsteps.
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 Historical Background-1980s
Rural Transformation
 Induction of local bodies resulted in
improvement of rural infrastructure

 Foreign committees resulted in rural private

construction, rationalisation of the cost of land
and realignment of rural political dynamics

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 Historical Background-1990s
Post Green Revolution Consolidation
 Better crop management and extension services played
a major role in increasing the agricultural production

 Efficient use of agricultural equipment and techniques

were used.

 Fertilizer use and the use of mechanical farm power

exhibited rising trends
 

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 Historical Background-2000/10s
Gene Revolution

 Terms of trade became favourable for the

agricultural sector after many decades

 Introduction of Biotechnology by the private

sector started the Gene Revolution in the country

 Commercial farming started at large scale by

enterprising farmers and business houses which
boosted tunnel farming and farm mechanization
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 FOUR MAJOR PROBLEMS OF
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
  TECHNO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
  NATURAL PROBLEMS
  SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEM.  
 FINANCIAL PROBLEMS

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TECHNOlogical PROBLEMS
 Limited Cultivable Area:
 The total area of Pakistan is about 79.6 million hectares, out of which only 23.7 million
hectares (28%) area is used for agricultural purposes. About 8 million hectares area is idle
and un-utilized. There is vast sub-division and fragmentation of land holdings, as a result
modern technology cannot be applied in agriculture sector
 Inadequate Infrastructure:
 Rural infrastructure like, roads, storage facilities, transport, electricity, education, sanitation
and health facilities etc. is inadequate to meet the requirement of growth of agriculture.
Total length of farm-to-market road is not only shorter but their condition is also poor.
Many villages have no metal-led road at all. Electricity is available to only 3/4 rural
populations.

 Low Per Hectare Yield

 The most important problem of agriculture is its low yield per hectare for almost every
major crop. 45.0% of labour force is engaged in this sector in Pakistan while it is less than
5% in developed countries. But, other countries of world are getting higher yield per hectare
due to use of modern technology and trained labour.
  
 ( we don’t have latest machines, sprays and fertilizers, electricity, we don’t have latest bio
technology and genetic engineering

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NATURAL PROBLEM

 Various Plant Diseases:

 Various agricultural crops like cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, wheat and rice often come

under attack of pests and insects. Pests and plant diseases reduce the annual
productivity of agriculture.

 Natural Calamities:
 Labor is in the hand of mankind but its result is in the hands of ALLAH in agriculture

sector. So, growth of agriculture is dominated by nature. In case if there is too much
rain, reduction in the productivity. There is 20% reduction in productivity due to
unnecessary rain and unfavorable climatic situations in Pakistan.

 Scarcity of HYV Seeds:

 Our poor farmers have to use lower quality seeds due to non-availability of High

Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds. On the other hand, if seed is available they cannot be
purchased due to low income. Agricultural production is badly affected because of
inferior quality of seeds.

 Barren area, insects, excess of rain or flood, less rain, extreme weather

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

 Consumption Oriented:
 Our farmers have no proper records of their incomes and expenses. Mostly, they spend more
when they have more due to illiteracy. A huge part of the farmer’s income is consumed on
occasions of marriage, birth, death and several other rural ceremonies and festivals in Pakistan. 

 Joint Family System:

 Joint family system is also a big problem in agricultural sector. Our farmer is poor; on the other
hand he has to support his big family. It creates deficiency in saving and investment. A huge
part of farmer’s productivity is consumed at his own house.

 literacy and health:

 Most of the farmers, laborers and tenants in our country are illiterate. They are untrained and
inefficient to boost up the agricultural productivity. On the other side, the health of our farmers
is improper due to rural backwardness. Literacy rate is only 57.7 % in Pakistan. Economic Survey
of Pakistan shows that literacy remains higher in urban areas (73.2 percent) than in rural areas
(49.2 percent).

 Ignorance and untrained farmers , lack of sense, just 25% area is cultivated, non cooperative
govt.

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FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
 Lack of Credit:
 Basically our farmer is poor and he has low level of income. Agricultural credit facilities are
not common in Pakistan. Credit that can facilitate agriculture is not available easily.
Moreover non-institutional sources are available but these are not reliable due to high rate
of interest. About 50.8% poor borrow from landlords in Pakistan.

 Poor Financial Position of Farmers:

 It is a common saying about our farmer that he burns in debts, grows in debts and dies in
debts. It means that financial position of Pakistani farmer is weak and poor. According to
“Pakistan Human Development Report 2003” about 57.4% poor are working for feudal-lords
without wages.

 Shortage of Agricultural Finance:

 Agricultural credit facilities are not sufficient in Pakistan. Rate of interest on agricultural
credit is high and loan is not provided in time. According to “Pakistan Human Development
Report 2003” in Pakistan about 50.8% poor borrow from landlords at very high rate of
interest.
  
 Loans on high interest, expensive tractors, fertilizers and seeds. Less profit in market so
less investment by farmer. Imported HYV seeds. Heavy taxes

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How to improve the Agriculture sector?

 Water Logging and Salinity Control:

 Water logging and salinity destroys about one

million acre of land every year in Punjab and

Sindh. It reduces our cultivable area. For this
purpose, installation of tube wells, repair of
canal banks and drainage of water etc. are
needed. The Ministry of Agriculture proposed
to invest Rs. 18.5 billion with the objective of
converting 2,00,000 acres of irrigated land to
drip and shower irrigation system.

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 Construction of Dams:
 Sometimes, due to heavy unwanted rains and

floods agricultural productivities destroys. To

tackle this problem it is necessary to
construct dames and bands on rivers.

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 Provision of HYV Seed:
 High yielding variety seed is not available at

suitable price in Pakistan. So, farmers have to

depend upon low quality of seeds that causes
20% reduction in total production.
Government should provide HYV seed at
minimum price in this case.

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 Mechanization:
 Farm mechanization is necessary to remove

the problems to agriculture sector. Sowing,

cultivation and harvesting of crops through
agricultural machines increase the productive
quality and quantity.

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 Agricultural Research:
 Agricultural research is compulsory to remove

the backwardness of agriculture sector. Major

agricultural colleges and universities are
only about 16 in Pakistan. Government
should increase the research work in the field
of agriculture.

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 Agro-based Industries:
 Agro-based industries like poultry, fisheries,

dairy and livestock should establish. These

industries indirectly lead to improve the
agricultural sector.
  

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 Tax Concessions:
 Mechanization is necessary to remove the

problems of agriculture sector. Government

should give tax concession on imports of
agricultural technologies to enhance the
process of farm mechanization

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 Training of Farmers:
 Our farmers are illiterate and ill trained so,

their efficiencies are poor. Government

should start special education programmed
for farmers and give them training about
farming.

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 Prices of Agricultural Productivities:
 Sometimes, our farmers receive low prices of

their crops.  There is no proper effective price

policy of government. Government should set
reasonable prices of agricultural productions
to develop the living standard of farmers.

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Current Govt Effort For Agriculture
 Kissan Dost Scheme & Green Tractor Scheme:
 Under the scheme, the Punjab government would give Rs. 200,000 as subsidy on each tractor. This year, 10,000
tractors would be given to young farmers falling within the age bracket of 18-30 years

 Awami Zarai Scheme:

 Mandatory for all new borrowers and optional for existing borrowers of crop production loan under Sada Bahar
Scheme to avail revolving limit under Awami Zarai Scheme to get inputs through M/s Kissan Support Services
Limited (KSSL) - a subsidiary of ZTBL under kind system.

 Re-Financing Scheme:
 In line with the policy of Federal Government SBP has launched a "Re-Financing Scheme for Revival of
Agricultural Activities in Flood Affected Areas" in selected districts notified by National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA). ZTBL has been allocated initially a limit of Rs.3,000 million

 Green Revolution Scheme:

In order to achieve the aim of providing farm machinery and implements to encourage the mechanized farming
for the enhancement of agriculture productivity as compared with traditional tillage system a Memorandum of
Understanding between Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd. and Department of Agriculture. AJ&K has been signed under
title of Green Tractor Scheme

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Thanks

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