Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 1

Relationship between Percent saturation

and Relative saturation

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 2
 Humid Volume
Volume occupied by a unit mass of dry gas and
its associated vapor is called Humid volume

denoted by VH

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 3
 Humid Heat
The amount of heat required to rise the
temperature of unit mass of dry air and its
associated vapor by 1°C at no change in
pressure is called Humid heat

HH = Humid heat
CA = Heat capacity of air (kJ/kgmol K)
H = Humidity
CW = Heat capacity of water vapor (kJ/kgmol K)
Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 4
 Air water system

HH = Humid heat
H = Humidity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qsl5yQsinlY

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 5
 Dew Point
Temperature at which the dry air associated
with water vapor must be cooled to become
saturated with respect to a plane water
surface

The temperature at which the equilibrium

vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the
existing partial pressure of the vapor.

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 6
 WET- AND DRY-BULB
THERMOMETRY

https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=WZegy1EJm70

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 7
 DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE

The temperature of the moist air measured

Video Box Position
by ordinary thermometer. Referred as DBT.

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 8
 WET-BULB TEMPERATURE

The temperature of the moist air measured

Video Box Position
by ordinary thermometer when the bulb of
the thermometer is covered by wet cloth or
wick. Referred as WBT

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 9
 liquid evaporates into a large volume of gas
at the same temperature
Video Box Position
the liquid will be cooled as a result of the
heat removed from it

to supply the relatively large demand of the

latent heat of vaporization

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 10
a large surface area in proportion to its
mass, its temperature will quickly drop
to an equilibrium value.
adequate to supply the necessary latent
Video Box Position
heat for the vaporization.
wet-bulb temperature and is always less
than the actual dry-bulb temperature of
the gas
depression of the wet-bulb temperature
degree of unsaturation.
Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 11
 HUMIDITY CHART
gives the amount of moisture present in unit
mass of dry air at any given temperature.
Video Box Position
also known as psychrometry chart
Consists of
1. Humidity vs Temperature curve
2. Humidity vs Humid heat line
3. Specific volume vs Temperature curve
4. Adiabatic cooling lines.
Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 12
 Video Box Position

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 13
 Humidity vs Temperature curve
humidity is plotted on y-axis and temperature
is plotted on x-axis at atmospheric pressure.
Video Box Position
The humidity is expressed in kg of water per
kg of dry air.

1. Any point represents the temperature and

humidity of the sample of air.
2. The curved line marked 100% gives the
relative humidity of saturated air at various
Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 14
 Humidity vs Humid heat line

humid heat is plotted against the humidity

Video Box Position

straight line which started from the bottom of

the chart and reached the top with an angle
of 60°

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 15
 Specific volume vs Temperature curve
specific volume of dry air is plotted against
the temperature

Straight line which started from the one end

of y-axis and reached the other end of the y-
axis with an angle of 30°

The humid volume of a sample of air may be

determined at a given temperature and
humidity by linear interpolation of the
Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 16
 Adiabatic cooling lines
group of lines are plotted with a negative
slope from the 100% relative humidity curve

called Adiabatic cooling lines

used to determine the humidity from the

knowledge of dry bulb temperature and wet
bulb temperature

show the changes in humidity during drying

Monday, November 29, 2021 Department of Biotechnology, GIT Course Code and Course Title:19EBT201, Process Calculations 17
 Video links
Relative humidity and the dewpoint
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qsl5yQsinlY

Dry bulb wet bulb temperature and relative humidity

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZegy1EJm70

How to Read a Psychrometric Chart-stepwise animated

explanation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5eqbJR4d6Y