LEXICAL

SEMANTICS AND
LEXICAL RELATION
 Group Member

Dzikri Helen
Amil
Maria Ulfa Aisyah
Lexical Semantics
• Lexical semantics is an academic discipline
concerned with the meaning of words.

• Lexical semanticists are interested in what

words mean, why they mean what they
mean, how they are represented in
speakers’ minds and how they are used in
text and discourse.
 Lexical Relation
There are essentially three different kinds of
relations between word meanings. There are :
Words that share the same form but mean
different things, homonyms and polysemy
Words that evoke similar meanings but have
different forms, such as synonyms and
hyponyms
Words that have different forms and different
meanings and are semantically related through
opposition such as antonyms.
 Synonyms
Synonym characterizes two
lexical items which have a
very high degree of overlap in
terms of usage, denotations
or similar property-value pairs,
Example: 
• Big (besar): large, giant, vast,
huge, great, gigantic.
• Create (membuat): make,
generate, produce, build,
construct.
• Difficult (sulit): hard, tough,
heavy, arduous
 Antonyms
Antonyms are opposites that cover example:
a large variety of phenomena. • Hot (panas): cool (dingin)
Called opposites if they have a lot • Tall (tinggi) : short (pendek)
of characteristics which are • Old (tua) : young (muda)
identical, but they also differ quite
notably in a few other
characteristics.
 HYPONYMS
• Hyponyms are words that have the same form but different
meanings. In linguistics and lexicography, hyponym is a term
used to designate a particular member of a broader class.

• For instance, daisy and rose are hyponyms of flower.

 PROTOTYPES
A prototype is a cognitive reference point, i.e the proto-image of all
representatives of the meaning of a word or of a category.
HOMOPHONE
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 HOMOPHONE
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THANK YOU