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Fastener Design: Bolts and Nuts Bolts Nuts

The document discusses fasteners such as bolts and nuts. It defines tensile stress area and provides formulas for calculating tensile and torsional stress. It also covers power screw applications and the strength of bolts. Additionally, it examines preloaded fasteners in tension by modeling clamped material as a spring. Key formulas show that preloading allows the bolt to support a fraction of the total load, reducing stresses on both the bolt and clamped material.

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Adam Prasetya
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151 views13 pages

Fastener Design: Bolts and Nuts Bolts Nuts

The document discusses fasteners such as bolts and nuts. It defines tensile stress area and provides formulas for calculating tensile and torsional stress. It also covers power screw applications and the strength of bolts. Additionally, it examines preloaded fasteners in tension by modeling clamped material as a spring. Key formulas show that preloading allows the bolt to support a fraction of the total load, reducing stresses on both the bolt and clamped material.

Uploaded by

Adam Prasetya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Screws and fasteners

Fastener design
Bolts and nuts Bolts Nuts

Washers
Screws and fasteners
Fastener design
United National Standard (UNS) and ISO thread form
(UNC - coarse thread; UNF coarse thread; see Table 14-1)

Specification (example):
1 / 4  20 UNC - 2A
1/4” diameter, d Class 2-fit, external

2- threads per Coarse series


inch ( pd )
Screws and fasteners
Tensile stress area
2
 d  dr 
Tensile stress area (definition): At    p 
4 2 
UNS threads: d p  d  0.649519 / N d r  d  1.299038 / N
ISO threads: d p  d  0.649519 p d r  d  1.226869 p

Tensile stress : t  F Torsional stress :   Tr  16T3


At J d r
Screws and fasteners
Power screw applications
Power-screw jack
Typical power-screw threads
Screws and fasteners
Strength of standard bolts and machine screws

Grain structure of cut and rolled threads (stress concentrations; cracks; etc)
Minimum
imperfections
Screws and fasteners
Preloaded fasteners in tension

Bolted assembly in tension: nomenclature

Clamped material
Screws and fasteners
Preloaded fasteners in tension

Preloading a bolted assembly: note that clamped material is


modeled as a spring in compression
Screws and fasteners
Preloaded fasteners in tension
Preloaded bolt compressing
a cylinder




 Length of thread = twice

 bolt diameter + 1/4 inch



Screws and fasteners
Preloaded fasteners in tension

Recall the spring constant for a bar in tension.

Deflection, : E  F    F l
l A AE

Equivalent spring constant, k: k  F  AE


 l

Recall the spring constant for different stiffness sections.

Total spring constant, ktotal :


1  1  1  1
ktotal k1 k2 kn
Screws and fasteners
Preloaded fasteners in tension
Spring constant for a round bolt is:
1  lt  l  lt
kb At Eb Ab Eb

Spring constant for, equivalent, cylindrical clamped material:

1  l1  l2
km Am1 E1 Am2 E2

If clamped materials are the same:

Am Em
Deff Em
2
km  
l 4 l
Screws and fasteners
Preloaded fasteners in tension: static load

Load supported by bolt


and material:

P  Pm  Pb

Compressive load in the


material:
Fm  Fi  Pm ; Fm  0

Tensile load in the bolt:


Fb  Fi  Pb
Screws and fasteners
Preloaded fasteners in tension: static load
Key calculations showing advantage of preloaded fasteners:

Change in deflection:   Pb  Pm  Pb  kb Pm
kb km km

P  Pm  Pb  Pb  kb P  CP
Using:
k m  kb
Bolt supports
fraction
of total load !!!

km P  (1  C ) P
Also, using: P  Pm  Pb  Pm 
km  kb
Material supports
most
of total load !!!
Screws and fasteners
Preloaded fasteners in tension: static load
Key calculations showing advantage of preloaded fasteners:

Material load: Fm  Fi  (1  C ) P

Bolt load: Fb  Fi  CP

Joint separation load


Po  Fi
(set Fm = 0): 1 C

Safety factor against N separation  Po  Fi


joint separation: P P (1  C )

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