FREE HAND SKETCHING

Name :- Nutan Narayan Patil prn : 0120200529

Batch :E3 roll no : 579
1) Screw Thread :-
Screw thread :-
 A screw thread, often shortened to thread, is a helical structure used to convert between rotational and
linear movement or force.
The mechanical advantage of a screw thread depends on its lead, which is the linear distance the screw travels
in one revolution.
Applications
Screw threads have several applications :

• Fastening:
- Fasteners such as wood screws, plastic screws, machine screws, nuts, and bolts.
- Connecting threaded pipes and hoses to each other and to caps and fixtures.

• It converts rotary motion into linear motion.

• It prevents linear motion without the corresponding rotatio
TYPES OF NUT :-
Hexagonal NUT :-
 HEXAGONAL NUT :-
A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used in conjunction with a
mating bolt to fasten multiple parts together. The two partners are kept together by a combination of
their threads' friction (with slight elastic deformation), a slight stretching of the bolt, and compression of
the parts to be held together.

In applications where vibration or rotation may work a nut loose, various locking mechanisms may be
employed: lock washers, jam nuts, specialist adhesive thread-locking fluid such as Loctite, safety pins
(split pins) or lockwire in conjunction with castellated nuts, nylon inserts (nyloc nut), or slightly
ovalshaped threads.

Square nuts, as well as bolt heads, were the first shape made and used to be the most common largely
because they were much easier to manufacture, especially by hand. While rare today[when?] due to
the reasons stated below for the preference of hexagonal nuts, they are occasionally used in some
situations when a maximum amount of torque and grip is needed for a given size: the greater length of
each side allows a spanner to be applied with a larger surface area and more leverage at the nut.
The most common shape today is hexagonal, for similar reasons as the bolt head: six sides give a good granularity of
angles for a tool to approach from (good in tight spots), but more (and smaller) corners would be vulnerable to being
rounded off. It takes only one sixth of a rotation to obtain the next side of the hexagon and grip is optimal. However,
polygons with more than six sides do not give the requisite grip and polygons with fewer than six sides take more time
to be given a complete rotation. Other specialized shapes exist for certain needs, such as wingnuts for finger
adjustment and captive nuts (e.g. cage nuts) for inaccessible areas.
HEXAGONAL NUT
Hexagonal headed bolt
HEXAGONAL HEADED TYPE OF BOLT :-
Bolt, mechanical fastener that is
usually used with a nut for
connecting two or more parts. A
bolted joint can be readily
disassembled and reassembled; for
this reason bolts or screw fasteners
are used to a greater extent than
any other type of mechanical
fastener and have played an
important part in the development of mass-produced articles and steel
structures.
RIVETED JOINT :-
 RIVETED JOINT :-
The Riveted joint are broadly classified as :1)Lap Joint 2)But Joint What is rivet and
riveted joint?
The riveted joint is a permanent joint cause rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener. A rivet
is a cylindrical shaft that has a head on one end and the opposite end known as a tail.
Parts of a Rivet
Following are the parts of a Rivet:

Head
Shank and Body
Tail
1. Head
The upper-most part of rivet is called “head”. These are made of different type according to
different jobs.
2. Shank and Body
The part below rivet is called shank or body. This is round in shape.

3. Tail
Part below its centre is called tail. It is somewhat tapered. It is inserted into holes of two plates
and head is made by beating their tail. The length of tail is ¼ D. A rivet is known by its
roundness, length and shape of head.
 TYPES OF COUPLING:-
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at
their ends for the purpose of transmitting power. The primary purpose
of couplings is to join two pieces of rotating equipment while
permitting some degree of misalignment or end movement or both.
In a more general context, a coupling can also be a mechanical
device that serves to connect the ends of adjacent parts or objects.
Couplings do not normally allow disconnection of shafts during
operation, however there are torque-limiting couplings which can
slip or disconnect when some torque limit is exceeded. Selection,
installation and maintenance of couplings can lead to reduced
maintenance time and maintenance cost.
Half Lap – muff coupling :-
It is similar to muff coupling except the ends of shafts are made to overlap each other for a short
length. The tapper provided in the overlap prevents the axial movements of shaft. Uses :- Shaft
couplings are used in machinery for several purposes. A primary function is to transfer power from
one end to another end (ex: motor transfer power to pump through coupling).

Other common uses:

To alter the vibration characteristics of rotating units

To connect the driving and the driven part

To introduce protection

To reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to another

To slip when overload occurs

SUNK TAPPER KEY :-
 The sunk keys are provided half in the key way of the shaft and half in the key way of
the hub or boss of the pulley. The sunk keys are of the following types :
1. Rectangular sunk key.
2. Square sunk key.
3. Parallel sunk key.
4. Gib-head key.
5. Feather key.
6. Wood ruff key.
TYPES OF SPRING :-
 Cylindrical helical spring wire
circular cross section :-
Compression spring – is designed to operate with a
compression load, so the spring gets shorter as the load is
applied to it.
THANK
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