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HEPC HSE Training

Welcome To:
Confined Space Entry Safety Training
Course

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HEPC HSE Instructor

Mr. John Ervin V. Agena

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What is a Confined Space?

 A Confined Space means Limited Openings
for Entry and Exit
 Unfavourable Natural Ventilation
 Not Designed for Continuous Worker
Occupancy
Confined spaces include tanks, vessels,
hoppers, bins, steam boilers, conveyor
tunnels, coal bunkers, sumps, excavations
below 1.2m or 4 feet, ducts, scrubbers,
manholes, sewers etc.
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Examples of a Confined Space

Tanks Ducts Tunnels

Manholes Pits Sewers

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Examples of a Confined Space

Trenches Silos Excavations

Crawl Spaces Septic Tanks Pipelines

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Examples of a Confined Space

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Safety Measures; Lighting
 For gas free confined spaces standard low voltage
industrial lighting may be used
 Confined spaces containing gas or flammable
residuals air driven flameproof lights or certified
battery power torches or by extra low voltage (25
Volts DC) portable lighting equipment shall be used
 The supply cables to the transformers for extra low
voltage portable lights must always be supported
above ground and the transformers never taken
inside the confined space

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Confined Space Hazards

 Oxygen Deficiency/Enrichment

 Toxic Chemicals and Inert gas

 Flammable / Explosive atmospheres

 Mechanical /energized equipment

 Space configuration hazards

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Oxygen Deficiency
Oxygen level is < 19.5% in air:
Lack of oxygen can be created by:
 Displacement of air by other gases
 H2S, Argon and others
 Internal corrosion of surfaces
 Fire or other combustion
 Wet charcoal
 Workers own exhalation
 Nitrogen and welding fumes
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Oxygen Enrichment
Oxygen level is > 22.5% in air:
Enriched oxygen can be created by:
 Injecting a Pure Oxygen

60 % of the workers believe that ?

OXYGEN = AIR
an Oxygen is the same with Air

Any combustible materials come

in contact with flame will burn
violently

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Explosion or fire
The essential elements required to support
combustion are:
 Oxygen
 Fuel
 Heat

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Toxic Contamination
(Gases and Vapors)
 Inert Gasses
 H2S
 CO  Nitrogen
 HCN’s

 FUMES

 SOLVENTS

 Argon
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Mechanical / Energized Equipment

Electrical equipment must be de-energized.

Mechanical or moving parts must be
locked out
Trapped pressure must be bleed-off and
vented
Valves are closed

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Space Configuration Hazards

Engulfment

Entrapment or Capture

Mechanical Equipment

Remember :
That falls and high noise levels
can be more
dangerous in confined spaces.
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Electrical Hazards
Hazard Sources include:
• Broken lighting – exposure of fitting
• Shocks from poorly wired tools
• Excessive noise from powered hand tools
• Lights not suitable for environment
All ELECTRICAL SOURCES, THAT
POTENTIALLY CAUSES A HAZARD MUST BE
IDENTIFIED AND CONTROLS (LOTOTO) PUT IN
PLACE,BEFORE STARTING THE JOB/ENTRY.

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Lighting and Electrical Equipment
Lighting & Electric Tools:
-Low voltage <24V
-Double insulated step down transformer
-Battery operated (properly isolated and
permitted).
-Backup lights (i.e. hand held torches)
-Cables laid out so as not to create a trip
hazards
-Report all defects to the authorized
Electrician
Note: Transformer and ELCB must remain
outside of Confined Space at all times.
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Temperature Hazards
Example: Heat Stress
- Acclimatization: Fit to work for confined space
entry
- Ensure adequate work / rest ratios

- Adequate ventilation

- Sufficient quantity of drinking water

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Animal Hazards

• Snakes
• Spiders
• Scorpions

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Ventilation
- Natural or Mechanical means
- If presence of gases, then minimum 24 hours
ventilation forced ventilation (Mechanical)
required (or until results are acceptable).
- Ensure no “re-circulation” of air supply
- Remove toxic gases
- Cool Air should be introduced during Summer

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Hazard Control Measures

Each Confined Space has different hazards: Hazards
can also change with time and usage:
 Post signs
 Use barriers
Entry program:
 Procedure , Training , Rescue /
Emergency Plan, Audit
 Authorized Gas Tester (AGT)
 Define acceptable entry conditions.
 Monitor Eliminate or control Lockout
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Performing Authority
 Shall ensure that all personnel entering a
confined space are properly trained and
informed of the hazards and controls associated
with confined space entry.
 Shall prepare a Task Risk Assessment & JSTI
identifying hazards associated with confined
space entry and, which engineering,
administrative or PPE controls shall be used to
reduce the existing or known risk to all level as
Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)
 Shall acquire the required Permit to Work
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Entry Permit / Certificate Required

An entry permit is mandatory for any
person to enter or partially enter a confined
space but not to just look into a confined
space.

IT IS NOT A PERMIT
TO WORK

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CSE Permits
PERMIT REQUIRED

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“No permit – No Work”

A Permit-Required Confined Space has one
or more of the following characteristics:
 May contain a hazardous atmosphere
 Has the potential for engulfing an entrant

 The entrant could become trapped or

asphyxiated
 Anyone entering a permitted confined
space area should wear a harness attached
to a lifeline leading out of the confined
space opening. PERMIT CONTAINS A LIST OF
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“No permit – No Work”

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“No permit – No Work”

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Confined Space Procedures

 Isolatethe space (Lockout / Tag out)
 Ventilate the space

 Conduct Safety Meeting & TBT/ Pre Task

Briefing / JSTI
 Complete permit

 Test the atmosphere

 Prepare safety equipment

 Enter the space

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Hot Work Permit

Need for all:
 Activities that have a
source of open
flames, heat and
ignition
 In restricted areas

 30 m radius within
live installations /
process areas
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Cold Work Permit

Needed when:
 Working in all
restricted areas
 Can be no source of
open flames or
ignition
 Requirement for non-
sparking tools to be
assessed
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Safe Working Environment

Cleaning

Flushing

Purging

CCEP PPP “If in Doubt ASK your supervisor”

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Isolate and Ventilate

Isolating
The vessel cut off from any
source of hazard, chemical,
electrical or mechanical.
Ventilation
The vessel must be ventilated for safe entry by
personnel. It must be done with fresh air or
breathing quality and should be continuous.

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Atmosphere Testing
Personal Gas
Detectors

Portable multi
Gas test pumps
gas detectors
and tubes
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Atmosphere Testing
Testing Procedures:
 Check for Oxygen Always test the
air at various levels
Content: to be sure that the
entire space is
 At least 19.5% and
safe.
not more than 22.5%
 Check for
Combustibles
 Check for Toxic Good air near the
Gasses opening does
NOT mean there
is good air at the
bottom!

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Confined Space Entry

PPE Required while working inn a confined space:

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Confined Space Entry

Confined Space Entry Team
d ant
A en
tt
r iz ed
ut ho
A n t
a
E ntr
ze d
h o ri
t
Au / JP
i sor
er v
S u p
tr y
En

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Confined Space Entry

Authorized Entrant:
 The employee who will physically enter the
confined space
Responsibilities:
 To follow all safety rules
 To assure that the space has been
ventilated and isolated
 To be familiar with the work
procedures IF YOUR
UNSURE,
 To use the appropriate PPE required
ASK !
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The Hole Watch

 The Hole Watch must remain at
his post at all times!
ATTENDANT
 The Hole Watch must not enter
the confined space
 The Hole Watch guards the
space against unauthorized
entry

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The Hole Watch cont

 To monitor entrants during the job
and during entry & exit
 To keep records of confined space
work, such as air test results,
personnel entry/exit, (sign in / sign
out form or tally boards).

REMEMBER:
An Attendant should not enter the space at
anytime.
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The Supervisor
Entry Supervisor Before Entry:
 Verifies that the permit is filled out and all
safety steps listed on it are taken, then
signs the form
 Ensures protection is provided to the
entrants by verifying lockout/tag out and all
hazards are isolated
 Verifies all personnel have exited prior to
closing the space
 Ensures that all personnel involved are
aware of the hazards associated
 Ensures that rescues services are available
prior to entry
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JP’s / Supervisor and PTW

JP (Job Performer) / Entry Supervisor will:
 Review specifications of work with Area
Authority
 Review the Formal Procedure Form, the
hazards, precautions & PPE
 Sign as a performer for the task in
Permission under his name

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Safe Practices / Rescue

WHY ARE SAFE PRACTICES SO IMPORTANT IN A
CONFINED SPACE ?

 Confined spaces may contain several hazards

 It is often difficult to rescue injured person
from inside a confined space

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CSE Emergencies
 All personnel exit the space immediately
 Supervisor ensures all persons evacuated
 Under no circumstances should anyone enter
the confined space to rescue workers!
 Only a trained rescue team can perform
rescues
“Prevention is the best cure, Stop the job if you
think there is an unsafe condition, talk to your
supervisor”.
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CSE Equipment

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Emergencies and Permits

Remember:
SHOULD ANY EMERGENCY DEVELOP
IN LIVE AREAS, THE PERMITS ARE
AUTOMATICALLY CANCELED.

RE-VALIDATION IS REQUIRED TO RE-

ENTER THE CONFINED SPACE.

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Confined Space Training ID Card

CSE Training ID Card:
 After you have successfully completed this
training course you will be issued your CSE
Training ID badge
 Carry it with you everyday to the worksite

 Use it when you make any confined space

entry
 Give the ID Card to the CSE Hole Watch

 Retrieve your CSE ID card once you have

exited the confined space
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Confined Space Entry Job Completion

 At the end of the job, the Job Performer /

Supervisor MUST conduct a thorough
check to ensure that no personnel, tools
or equipment has been left within the
confined space and all paperwork is
completed and returned.......

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What We Covered Today

1. Identifying safe Confined Space Entry (CSE)
requirements for the Presidential Palace
Project
2. Responsibilities of anyone making an confined
space entry
3. Definition a confined space
4. CSE entry safety requirements
5. What to do in the event of an CSE emergency
6. CSE post training quiz

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In Summary
Work Safely…..
It Is Better To Be Safe Than Sorry!

So
Remember That:
Only trained personnel are allowed
to make confined space entries!

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Confined Space Entry Post Test

Post Test Time

Must Score

80 %

To Pass
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Confined Space Entry Post Test

1. True or False: Tanks, ducts, shafts, tunnels
and sewers are all confined spaces?

True or False

2. True or False: Three characteristics define

confined spaces: number and size of
openings, ventilation and frequency of
occupancy?
True or False
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Confined Space Entry Post Test

3. True or False: An entry permit is needed
even to just look into a confined space?

True or False

4. True or False: Confined spaces bear

tags and entry permits, No tag = no
entry?
True or False

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Confined Space Entry Post Test

5. True or False: It is better if there is too
much oxygen than not enough?

True or False

6. True or False: Noise and falls from

height are less hazardous in a confined
space?

True or False
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Confined Space Entry Post Test

7. True or False: Cleaning, flushing, purging,
isolating and ventilating are necessary
steps to create a safer work environment if
a confined?

True or False

8. True or False: Before entering a confined

space take your safety helmet off?

True or False
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Confined Space Entry Post Test

9. True or False: While in the confined space
maintain communication and regularly
monitor the atmosphere?

True or False

10.True or False: In emergencies, everybody

must exit the confined space immediately?

True or False
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Answers CSE Post Test

1. True or False: Tanks, ducts, shafts, tunnels
and sewers are all confined spaces?

True

2. True or False: Three characteristics define

confined spaces: number and size of
openings, ventilation and frequency of
occupancy?
False
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Answers CSE Post Test

3. True or False: An entry permit is needed
even to just look into a confined space?

False

4. True or False: Confined spaces bear

tags and entry permits, No tag = no
entry?
True

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Answers CSE Post Test

5. True or False: It is better if there is too
much oxygen than not enough?

False

6. True or False: Noise and falls from

height are less hazardous in a confined
space?

True
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Answers CSE Post Test

7. True or False: Cleaning, flushing, purging,
isolating and ventilating are necessary
steps to create a safer work environment if
a confined space?

True

8. True or False: Before entering a confined

space take your safety helmet off?

False
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Answers CSE Post Test

9. True or False: While in the confined space
maintain communication and regularly
monitor the atmosphere?

True

10.True or False: In emergencies, everybody

must exit the confined space immediately?

True
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