Lord, I lift up all of my co-workers to you today.

I pray
for all Safety officer, Supervisors, Managers and the
president. I pray that you will bless each of them today
as only you can because you know them and you know
the inner needs.

I pray that you would meet them at their point of need

today. Help all of us today to love each other and to
respect one another. Help us to be mindful that our
words and expressions can help or hinder another co-
worker.

I pray this prayer with expectancy that you have already

done so! In the name of Jesus. Amen.
FACILITATOR:

John Ervin V. Agena

Corporate Safety Officer
MODULE I
Emergency
Medical
Responder
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
 House RULES
Turn off your mobile phone or put it on a
silent mode

Raise your hand

if you have a
question or
clarification
If you want to
go out just
leave the room
quietly
Clean your place
after the training

We have also a break time

 OBJECTIVES
To be able to deliver the best practice of a first
responder to provide assistance during any types of
emergency.

To be able to educate and to uphold the knowledge of

potential FIRST AIDER that gives necessary SKILLS in
providing assistance in times of disasters.
C HA PTE R 1
HOW TO SAVE LIVES
 WHAT IS FIRST AID ?
Is an immediate care given to a person who has been
injured or including to your self, home, roads, anywhere if the
medical assistance is not available or delayed.

ROLE OF FIRST RESPONDER

• Locate the victims area
• Safety of the victim
• Keep off from bystanders/ kibitzers
• Give access to the victim
• Ask for help
• Locate the patient’s injuries
• Apply First Aid care as needed
• Record all findings and care given to the patient
• Rescuer / First Aider is the bridge between the patient/victim and the physician
OBJECTIVES OF THE RESCUER
 Prolong life
 Do not add injury
 Alleviate suffering

• Respectful
• Gentle
• Observant
• Empathetic
• Resourceful
 BSI – Body Substance Isolation
Precautions taken to isolate or prevent risk of exposure from any
other of bodily substance.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Hygiene

Equipments for cleaning and disinfecting

EXAMPLE: Betadine or Water solution
• Rubbing alcohol
• Cotton
• Betadine
• Gauze pads/ roll
• Tongue depressor
• Penlight
• Band aid KIT
• Medical Gloves
• Medical Mask
• Medical Scissors
• Bandage Scissors
• Bandage
• Elastic bandage
• Occlusive dressing
• Forceps
Spine Board Short board

Blankets/ sacks Pole

Extrication Equipment
Sets of splints
Planning of action
Initial action / response
Gathering of needed materials

A-I-D
A – Ask for HELP ASKING FOR
I – Intervene
HELP IS NOT
D – Do not add further harm
A SIGN OF
WEAKNESS
Emergency Action
•Survey the scene (if your place/area is safe)
• Give initial access
• Get consent to assist
• Identify yourself as first aider or medic first responder
• Activate medical assistance

Check R – A – B – C
R - Responsiveness B – Breathing C - Circulation

A –airway
Interview the patient/s (get all the information)
Ask the patients’ name, age,
Ask the patients “what happened ?” or do the

“ SAMPLE” HISTORY
CHAPTER 2
Pulse rate Adult 60 – 90/min.

Child 80 – 100/min.

Infant 100 – 120/min.

Respiration rate
Adult 12 – 20/min.

Child 18 – 25/min.

Infant 25 – 35/min.
 Temporal pulse

Carotid pulse
Brachial Pulse

Radial Pulse
What is the basic recovery position in person suffering of
Elevated Blood Pressured (HB) or Low pressure (LB)

Semi fowler position Trendelenburg position

Do you have Questions?
CHAPTER 3
 Is a rapid response to the patient from unsafe area to a safe
area.

Collapse wall
Collapse
Building
Drowning
Electrocution
Toxic of gases
Fire
Smoke
Road accident
High angle area
 RESCUE TRANSFER
Moving a patient from one area to a safer area after giving first aid care without
delay.

Regular check up of the patient’s condition

Rescuer must observe the proper lifting of the patient
Patients body is moved as one unit
Supporting bandages or dressing if needed
In using spine boards, be sure that the patient is lock on top
Blanket
Jacket or shirts
Sacks
Belts
Triangular bandages Roller
bandages
2-pcs of poles

One man carry

Two-man carries
Three-man carries
Four-man carries
Six to eight - man carries
 ONE MAN CARRY

Assist to walk Lovers carry

Fireman’s carry Pack strap carry
 DRAG Carries
Fireman’s drag Armpit drag Cloth drag

Feet drag Blanket drag Inclined drag

Assist to walk Hands as a lifter Four hands seat
 Carry extremities Chair carry

Fire man’s carry with assistance

Hammock Carry four man carries
Bearers along side
 SIX TO EIGHT MAN CARRIES
Spine board with strap
7. Commercial stretchers

9. Other service vehicle

When to perform EXTRICATION
Collapsed building Collapsed wall
Cave – in Mining
Vehicular accident

Water accident Fire High angle area

 Classification of Rescue Operation
Basic extrication

Light Rescue

•Heavy Rescue
L – locate
A – access to the victim
S – support or stabilize
T – transport
Triage
Is sorting of a patients into categories of priority for medical care and
transport base on the severity of injuries and medical emergencies.

Tagging and Color coding Patients

RED TAG – unconscious, severe bleeding, head or abdomen injuries (first priority)

YELLOW TAG – conscious, mild severe, head injuries, (second priority)

GREEN TAG – conscious not severe, patient can walk (third priority
BLACK TAG – patient is expired (forth priority)

Note:
Don’t declare your patient is dead
 Persons injured

Collapse building…

The collapse of the Hyatt Terraces in the wake of the

Baguio earthquake of July, 1990

Rescue operation
Do have a Question?
CHAPTER 4
SHOCK
Is a depression condition of many body functions due to failure of
enough blood to circulate throughout the body following serious injury.
Causes ;

To strike with great surprise and emotional disturbance
Lost of body part
To induce a state of physical shock in a person
Electric shock
Depression
Stress
First Aid
Over fatigue
Check the condition of the patient
Accident
Interview the patient
Signs and Symptoms Apply SAMPLE
Put your patient in proper position
Weak of body condition Check ABC
Face pale or synoptic in color Improve circulation of the body
Skin – cold or warm Proper transport or transfer
Breathing – regular or irregular Bring the patient to the nearest hospital or
Pulse rate – rapid or weak clinic
Eye will be sunken with vacant expression
Pupil are dilated
Blood Pressure specially low
DRUGS
The psychological effects of drug addiction come from the reason the user is addicted to drugs, as well as
the changes that take place in the brain once a person becomes a drug addict.
Other psychological effects of drug addiction include:
a. Wild mood
b. Depression
c. Anxiety
d. Paranoia
e. violence.

Evaluation about drugs ;

The following three factors were considered in ranking the harmfulness of each
drug that was evaluated
1. Physical harm to the user
2. Addictive potential of the drug
3. The drug's overall impact on society
Signs and symptoms
FIRST AID
= Unresponsiveness
= Unconscious •Check the condition of the patient
= Breathing difficult •Interview the patient if conscious
= Abnormal pulse rate •Check RABC
= Seizure •Proper transport or transfer
= Warm skin •Bring the patient to the nearest hospital or clinic
 ALCOHOL
• Powerful Central Nervous System (CNS) depressant, and hypnotic
• Too much ALCOHOL causes a person to be aggressive with inappropriate
behavior and lack of coordination.
• ALCOHOL dulls the sense of awareness, slows reflexes and reduce reaction

Under the influence of liquor

Slurred speech
Bad breath

Nausea

Vomiting

Flushed face and Drowsiness
Swaying and unsteadiness
Violent, destructive or erratic behaviour
First Aid
•Assist the patient
•Monitor the patient's condition
•Entertain the patient
•Monitor the breathing and pulse
•Transport to the nearest hospital or clinic
DRUGS

DRINKING of ALCOHOL

WEAK or RAPID PULSE

will lead to…

CHAPTER 5
Wound
Is a break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal or external.

Two Classifications of wound

Close Wounds
Open Wounds

Causes,
Blunt object result in contusion or bruises application of external forces

Close Wound
Signs and symptoms

Pain and tenderness Swelling

Discoloration Hematoma
Symptoms of SHOCK Vomiting
Cough with blood Passage of blood in the urine
Bleeding of blood along of nose, ear canal, mouth
 Example

contusion
bruises

First aid Treatment

use I.C.E.S. procedure I – Ice application
C – Compression
E – Elevation
S – Splinting
Open wound classification
Punctured Abrasions Incision

Laceration Amputated
DANGEROUS
Hemorrhage

Infection

Shock
 Kinds of bleeding
Arterial bleeding
Venous Bleeding
Capillary Bleeding

First aid management

Use four “C” procedure

C - Control bleeding

C - Cover the wound with dressing

C - Care for shock

C - Consult physician
 Burn
Is a injury involving the skin, including muscles, bones, nerves and
blood vessels. This results from the heat, chemicals, electricity or
other forms or radiation.

Common causes
Fire
Cigarette smoking
Scald from heat liquid
Heat cooking
Electrical

Factors to determine the seriousness of thermal Burns

Depth
The deeper of the burn, the more severe it is,
Three depth Classifications are:
Superficial or FIRST DEGREE BURN
Partial Thickness or SECOND DEGREE BURN
Full Thickness or THIRD DEGREE BURN

Superficial or FIRST DEGREE BURN

Partial Thickness or SECOND DEGREE BURN

Full Thickness or THIRD DEGREE BURN

TYPE OF BURN INJURIES
• Thermal burn
• Chemical burn
• Electrical burn
Not all thermal burns are caused by flames. caused by fire, steam, hot objects, or
hot liquids. Scald burns from hot liquids are the most common burns to children
and older adults
Chemical burns, are caused by contact with household or industrial chemicals in
a liquid, solid, or gas form.
Electrical burns, can be caused by a variety of ways such as touching or
grasping electrically live objects, short-circuiting, inserting fingers into electrical
sockets, and falling into electrified water. Lightning strikes are also a cause of
electrical burns, but this is a less common event.

FIRST AID for First and Second Degree burns

Relieve pain by immersing the burned the area in cold water
Apply wet or cold cloth
Cover the burn with a dry non – sticking, sterile dressing or a clean cloth

FIRST AID for Third Degree burns

• Cover the burn with a dry non – sticking, sterile dressing or a clean cloth
• Treat the victim for shock by elevating the injury
Chemical Burn
Chemicals will continue to cause tissue destruction until the chemical agent is
removed.
FIRST AID
Immediately remove the chemical by flushing with water
Remove the cloth while flushing with water
Flush for 30mins
Wash with a mild soap
Cover the burned area with a dry dressing

ELECTRIC BURN
The injury severity from exposure to electrical current depends on the type of current
direct from the voltage.

FIRST AID for Electric Burn

Unplug, disconnect or turn of the power
Check RABC
If needed apply RB or CPR
Care for shock
Bring the patient to the nearest hospital or
clinic
Muscles, Bones, Joints Injuries

Common Causes Of Injuries

Walking
Sports events
Falls
Vehicular accident

Signs and Symptoms

Pain
Bruises
Swelling
Pale, bluish skin
Numbness upper or lower part of the body
Exposed Bone
Dislocation of Bones
First is locate the injury
Interview the patient
Elevate the injury
Apply cold compress if needed
Apply splint if needed
Apply bandage or triangular bandage if needed

For the open wound

Control bleeding
Cover the wound
Apply dressing
Bring the patient to the nearest hospital or
clinic
 Muscles Cramps - sudden, painful tightening of a muscle.
Signs and Symptoms
• Pain
• Bruising
• Swelling

FIRST AID
Have the patient stretch out of the affected muscle to counteract the cramp.
Massage the cramped muscle firmly but gently.
Apply heat.
Example, Omega pain killer, hot towel.
Get medical assistance if the cramps persist.
Bring the patient to the nearest hospital or clinic
Muscle Strain
Is the sudden, painful tearing of muscle fiber during exertion.

Signs And Symptoms

Pain
Bruising
Swelling
Loss of efficient movement

FIRST AID

Apply cold compress at once

Elevate the limb to reduce swelling and bleeding within the muscle
Rest the muscle for 24hrs
Bring the patient to the nearest hospital or clinic
Sprain
Caused by torn fibers in a ligament.

Signs and Symptoms

Pain
Bruising

FIRST AID
• Remove any obstruction around the joint
• Apply cold compress at once
• Apply roller bandage if needed
• Bring the patient to the nearest hospital or clinic
 Dislocation
Displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint

Broken bone
Is a break or disruption in bone tissue

Signs And Symptoms

Pain
Swelling
Misshapen appearance
Loss of efficient movement

FIRST AID
• Keep the patient’s still
• Take steps to prevent shock
• Prevent infection by covering with a sterile dressing before immobilizing
• Apply splint
• Apply sling if arm injury
• Bring the patient to the nearest hospital or clinic
 BANDAGING TECHNIQUE

Kinds of Cravat
Open phase
Broad cravat
Semi broad cravat
Narrow cravat

Open phase Semi Board Narrow cravat

Head (top side) Knee elbow straight Forehead

Face or back of the head Knee elbow bend Eye bandage
Chest or back of the chest Shoulder Ear-chick-jaw
Hand and foot Hips Palm (open)
Arm sling Palm(close)
Under arm sling Shoe on
Shoe off
 OPEN FACE technique

Top Head Arm sling Under arm sling Hand and foot

Chest or back of the chest Face or back of the head

 BROAD CRAVAT TECHNIQUE

Knee elbow straight Knee elbow bend

Shoulder Bandage Hips Bandage

Forehead Shoulder Eye bandage Ear-chick-jaw

Palm (open) and (close) Shoe on and off

 CHAPTER 6
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
(FBAO)
Foreign body airway obstruction management
Causes of Obstruction
 Improper chewing of foods

 Excessive intake of alcohol or water

d o ?? ?
u
 Losing upper and lower dentures

w i ll y o
Wh at
Two types of obstruction
• Anatomical Obstruction
• Mechanical Obstruction

Classification of Obstruction
• Partial Obstruction and Good Air Exchange
• Partial Obstruction and Poor Exchange

The universal sign of Choking

 WHAT YOU SHOULD DO . . .
PERFORM HEIMLICH MANUEVER
LOCATION ON HOW TO PERFORM HEIMLICH MANUEVER
 CHAPTER 7
BLS - Basic Life Support
CPR
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
RESCUE BREATHING
Is a technique of breathing air into a person’s lungs to supply him or her
with the oxygen needed to survive.

HOW TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS

• Mouth to mouth
• Mouth to Nose

• Mouth to mouth and nose

• Mouth to stoma

• Mouth to Face shield

• Mouth to mask

• Bag valve mask device

HOW TO PERFORM RESCUE BREATHING

For ADULT only

• Head Tilt Chin Lift Maneuver : Maximum tilt of the head

• Location for checking of Pulse : Carotid pulse

• Method for RB : Mouth to Mouth

• Breaths RB : Normal

• Rate : 1 breath every 4 to 5 sec. in 2mins

• Mnemonic Count : Ex. 1. 1002, 1003, 1001, 1. 1002 1003 1002 up to 24

Cardiac arrest and Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation ( CPR )
Cardiac Arrest
Circulation ceases and vital organs are deprived oxygen.

3 Conditions of CARDIAC ARREST

Cardio Vascular Collapse - The heart is still beating but its action is
so weak that blood is not being circulated through the vascular system to
the brain body tissues.

Ventricular Fibrillation - Occurs when the individual fascicles of the heart

beat independently rather than the coordinated, synchronized manner that
produce rhythmic heart beat.

Cardiac Standstill - means that the heart stopped beating

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation ( CPR)
This is a combination of chest compressions and rescue
breathing.

CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING CPR

CHAIN OF COMMAND
Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR)
• Sign of Death
• Rigor mortis
• Decapitation

When to STOP performing CPR ? ? ?

S - Spontaneous
T - turn – over – to the medical team
o - operator already exhausted
P - physician assumed responsibility
How to perform CPR For ADULT only
Compression area : Center of the chest in between the imaginary nipple line

Depth : Approximate 1 ½ to 2 inches

How to Compress : Heel of 1 hand, other hand on top.

Rate : Approximate 100/min.

Compression and ventilation : 30 is to 2 one or two rescuer

Number of cycles, approximate 2 min : 5 cycles one or two rescuer

Counting count : Example: 1 2 3 to 20 – 1 2 3 to 29 and 1 plus 2 rescue

breathing

Mnemonic count
Compression area for CPR
Rescue breathing and CPR procedures
Check responsiveness Head tilt chin lift maneuver Look Listen and Feel LLF Mouth to mask

Compression 2 Rescuer performing CPR Recovery position

DEMO If the Patient’s did not respond or no spontaneous maybe This is the outcome ? ? ?
Expired