History of Artificial

Intelligence(AI)
Can you name the person who coined the term AI?
Objective
.Meaning of AI,
▪define the some of AI milestones (progress or development of AI)
▪ comparison between development of AI within past,present and its
progress to future.
A person who coined the term AI by American computer scientist John
Mccarthy at the Dartmouth conference..
 Meaning of AI.
• AI:The ability of a digital computer or computer controlled robot to
perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.
• The capability of machine to imitate ( to make or do Something the same
way as human) Intelligent human behaviour.
• AI is not a new word and not a new technology for researchers and
also,much older than we would imagine. There are a myths of mechanical
men in Ancient Greek and Egyptian Myths which realised the time when
AI begins which means the idea of AI goes as far as back as ancient Greek.
some of AI milestone
◾The followings are some of the milistones in the history of AI..
Milestone means the progress or development of something. So under
this topic It defines the progress or journey from the frist AI to till
development of AI.
◾ AI has evolution I,e. It is development is by process or from simple
( model of artifical neurons by warren and walter in 1943) to very
complex AI (deep learning,boom and IBM by watson in 2018 etc).
◾There are some milestone in the history of AI those are below these.
Cont… some milistone of AI.
Figure 2 A.I history timeline
Figure 3.history of AI
A.Maturation of AI (1943-1952)
◾The year 1943:frist work recognition as AI was done by warren
McCulloch and Walter pits in 1943. They proposed a model of artificial
neurons.They also drawing the parallel between the human brain and
computing machine.
◾The year 1949:Donald Hebb demonstrated an updating rule for
modifying the connection strength between neurons in which its rule is
now called Hebbing learning.
◾The year 1950:Alan Turing who was an English mathematician and
pioneered machine learning in 1950.
-He introduces a test- The Turing test- has as a way of testifying a
machine intelligence.
B.The birth of A.I.(1952-1956)
◾The year 1955: “First AI program” was created by An Allen Newell and
Herbert A.simon which was named “Logic Theorist”. In this program 38 of 52
Mathematics theorems had proved and find new and more elegant proofs for
some theorems.
◾ The year 1956:AI was coined during the conference.
☑”AI” word was first adopted by American computer scientist John McCarthy
at Dartmouth conference.
☑ high-level computer language such as FORTRAN,LISP,or COBOL were
invented.
C.The golden years-Early enthusiasm(1956-1974)
◾The year 1966:ELIZA a natural language program (first chatbot) was created
by Joseph Weizenbaum in 1966.
☑ The researcher developing algoriths that can solve mathematical problems.
◾The year 1972:The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which
D.The frist AI winter (1974-1980)
☑Duration between these year was the first AI winter duration.
☑ refers to time period where computer scientists dealt with a severe
shortage of funding from the gov’t for AI researches.
☑ During AI winters, public interest on artificial intelligence was decreased.
E.A boom of AI(1980-1987)
◾The Year 1980: after AI winter duration, AI came back with “Expert
System” which were programmed that emulate the decision-making ability
of a human expert.Expert system was created by Edward fiegenbaum.
☑ The national conference of the American Association of Artificial
Intelligence was held at Stanford University.
F. The second AI winter(1987-1993)
☑ period between these years was the second AI winter duration.
☑ Investors and government stopped in funding for research due to
high cost
☑ The expert system such as XCON was very cost effective.
G.The emergence of intelligent agent(1993-2011)
◾The year 1997:IBM Deep Blue beats world chess champion,Gray
Kasparov,and became the first computer to beat a world chess
champion.
◾The year 2006:AI came into the Business world until the year 2006.
☑ companies like Facebook,Twitter,and Netflix also started using AI.
H.Deep learning,big data and artificial
general intelligence (2011-present)
◾The year 2011:IBMs Watson won jeopardy,a quiz show, where it had
to solve complex questions as well as riddles.
☑ Watson had proved that it could understand natural language and
can solve tricky questions quickly.
◾The year 2012:Google has launched an Android app feature”Google
now”,whichwas able to provide information to the user as a prediction
☑Google Now use speech recognition to answer questions and to
perform simple tasks.
◾The year 2014:
☑ chatbot “Eugene Goostman” won a competition in the infamous
“Turing test.” Cont……..
 ….cont..

◾The year 2018:

☑Google has demonstrated an AI program “Duplex” which was a virtual
assistant and which had taken hairdresser appointment on call.