FRACTURES AND DISLOCATION

DR. IRFAN ASHRAF

 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN

• FRACTURE

• DISLOCATION

• SUBLUXATION
• FRACTURE:
– Broken bone.
• DISLOCATION:
– Abnormal separation
of two or more bones in
joints.
• SUBLUXATION:
– Partial or incomplete
dislocation.
 CLASSIFICATION

• WHY DO WE NEED IT ???

I don’t know 
• Several ways of classifying the fracture
• OPEN FRACTURE:
– Wound is present.

• CLOSE FRACTURE:
– No wound associated.
• OPEN OR CLOSE??
GUSTILO ANDERSON OPEN FRACTURE
CLASSIFICATION
 CLOSE FRACTURE

• Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen

• German for "Association for the Study of

Internal Fixation", or AO

• Founded in Switzerland in 1958

 AO CLASSIFICATION

• First number ------ long bone.

• Second number ----- area of long bone

• Third alphabet ----- type of fracture

• Fourth number ---- subtype of fracture

• 1 = HUMERUS
• 2 = RADIUS/ ULNA
• 3 = FEMUR
• 4= TIBIA
 SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION
• Transverse #

• Oblique #

• Spiral #

• Comminuted #
 SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION
• Proximal

• Middle

• Distal
• EXERCISE
NAME THE CARPAL BONES
• DISLOCATIONS
 UPPER LIMB

• Sterno-clavicular joint
• Shoulder joint
• Elbow joint
• Wrist joint
• MCP and IP joints
 SHOULDER DISLOCATION

• Most common joint to dislocate.

• TYPES:
– ANTERIOR (90 %)
– POSTERIOR
 ETIOLOGY

• Indirect trauma
– Arm in Abducted, extended and externally rotated
position.

• Direct trauma

• Recurrent
 X-RAYS

• AP view

• Scapular Y view
 TREATMENT
• NON-OPERATIVE:

– Hippocratic technique
– Traction- counter traction
– Stimson technique
– Milch technique
– Kocher maneuver
 COMPLICATIONS
• Recurrent dislocation

• Nerve injury ( Axillary nerve)

• Vascular injury