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Chapter 06 PowerPoint
Chapter 06 PowerPoint
Chapter
Six
Chapter Six
Discrete Probability Distributions
GOALS
When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:
ONE
Define the terms random variable and probability
distribution.
TWO
Distinguish between a discrete and continuous probability
distributions.
THREE
Calculate the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a
discrete probability distribution.
6- 3
Chapter Six continued
FOUR
Describe the characteristics and compute probabilities
using the binomial probability distribution.
FIVE
Describe the characteristics and compute probabilities
using the hypergeometric distribution.
SIX
Describe the characteristics and compute the
probabilities using the Poisson distribution.
6- 4
Probability
Distribution Types of Probability
A listing of all Distributions
possible outcomes
of an experiment Discrete probability Distribution
and the Can assume only certain
corresponding outcomes
probability. Continuous Probability Distribution
Random variable Can assume an infinite number of
A numerical value values within a given range
determined by the
outcome of an
experiment. Types of Probability Distributions
6- 5
Movie
6- 6
Discrete Probability Distribution
Consider a random
The possible outcomes for
experiment in which a
such an experiment
coin is tossed three
times. Let x be the
TTT, TTH, THT, THH,
number of heads. Let
HTT, HTH, HHT, HHH
H represent the
outcome of a head and Thus the possible
T the outcome of a tail. values of x (number
of heads) are 0,1,2,3.
From the definition
of a random variable,
x as defined in this
experiment, is a
random variable. Example 1
The 6- 8
outcome of
two heads
occurred
three times. The outcome of zero
heads occurred once.
The
outcome
of one
The head
outcome of occurred
three heads three
occurred times.
once. EXAMPLE 1 continued
6- 9
[ xP( x)]
Variance
Denoted by the Greek
letter s2
Measures the (sigma squared)
amount of spread
(variation) of a
Standard deviation is
distribution
the square root of s2.
2 2
[( x ) P( x)]
The Variance of a Discrete
Probability Distribution
# houses # of Percent 6- 11
11 6 30 (6/20)
P h y s ic s
12 7 35 (7/20)
13 2 10 (2/20)
# houses Probability
Mean number of
painted (x) P(x) x*P(x) houses painted
10 .25 2.5 per week
11 .30 3.3
[ xP( x)]
12 .35 4.2
13 .10 1.3
11.3
EXAMPLE 2
6- 13
Binomial Probability
Distribution
6- 15
x n x
P( x) n C x (1 )
n is the number of trials
x is the number of observed successes
p is the probability of success on each trial
n Cx n!
x!(n-x)!
Binomial Probability
Distribution
6- 16
The Alabama Department
of Labor reports that 20% What is the
of the workforce in Mobile probability that
is unemployed and exactly three are
interviewed 14 workers. unemployed?
P( x 1) 1 P(0)
0 14
114 C0 (.20) (1 .20)
1 .044 .956
Example 3
6- 18
n
n (1 )
2
Example 3 Revisited
= n = 14(.2) = 2.8
Finite Population
A population consisting The number
of a fixed number of of students in
known individuals, this class
objects, or measurements
Hypergeometric Distribution
Only 2 possible outcomes
Hypergeometric Distribution
( S Cx )( N S Cn x )
P( x )
N Cn
where
N is the size of the population
S is the number of successes in the population
x is the number of successes in a sample of n
observations
Hypergeometric Distribution
6- 23
The Transportation
Security Agency has a
list of 10 reported
safety violations.
Suppose only 4 of the
reported violations
are actual violations
and the Security What is the probability
Agency will only be that three of five
able to investigate violations randomly
five of the violations. selected to be investigated
are actually violations?
EXAMPLE 5
6- 25
( 4 C 3 )(10 4 C 5 2
P (3)
10 C 5
( 4 C 3 )( 6 C 2 ) 4(15)
.238
10 C 5 252
The limiting form of the The binomial distribution
binomial distribution becomes more skewed to
where the probability of the right (positive) as the
success is small and n is probability of success
large is called the Poisson become smaller.
probability distribution. Poisson probability
distribution
6- 26
= np
where
e x u
ex u 2
4 e 4
P( x) .1465
x! 2!
EXAMPLE 6