Mathematics II Spring 2020

Indefinite Integration
Section 5.1
 The Concept of Integration
• For any operation in mathematics, there is always an
inverse operation.
• The reversal of differentiation is known as anti-
differentiation or integration.
• In differentiation, the function is given and the rate
of change is calculated.
• In integration, the rate of change is given and the
function is calculated.
 The Concept of Integration
•  Let f (x) be a function which is equal to the derivative of
, then

• As integration is the reversal of differentiation,

• The symbol  is called an integral sign, and the function is

called the integrand. The symbol indicates that anti-
differentiation is performed with respect to the variable x.
 The Indefinite Integral
•  
If is any antiderivative of , then

where,
is called the indefinite integral and the arbitrary constant
C is called the constant of integration.
 The Concept of Integration
• Why
  constant of integration C?
− If , then
− If , then
− If , then
− If , then

• Since integration is the reversal of differentiation, we can

see that integrating can give rise to a family of integrals .
• That is why C is added when indefinite integration is
performed. Unless more information is given, the value of C
cannot be calculated.
  Rules of Integration
•The
  Power Rule:
if
 
1
∫ 𝑥− 0.5 𝑑𝑥

−2 +1
 
−2 𝑥
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥= −2+1 + 𝑐
•  +C

 
 Rules of Integration
•The
  Constant Rule:
for constant

5x+c
 Examples
•  
 Rules of Integration
•The
  Logarithmic Rule:
for all

 
2
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 Rules of Integration
•The
  Exponential Rule:

 
2𝑥 1 2𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥= 2 𝑒 +𝐶
 Questions
•Q21)
 

Q19)
 Example 5.1.4
•Find
  the function whose tangent has slope for each value
of x. and whose graph passes through the point (2, 6).

 
∫❑
 Example 5.1.5
•A manufacturer
  has found that his marginal cost is
dollars per unit when q units have been produced. The total
cost of producing the first 2 units is $900. What is the total cost
of producing the first 5 units?
 Assignment Questions: Lecture 20

• Section 5.1: Q 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 40, 48