Basics about Fire & Fire Safety

 Chemistry of Fire
 Classes of Fire
 Stages of Fire
 Fire Protection System
 Different Types of Extinguisher
 How to use a Fire Extinguisher
 Possible Fire Risk in Office Premises
 Emergency Preparedness/Safety Measures
 Dos & Don’ts……..IN CASE OF FIRE
 First Aid during Fire Emergency

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 CHEMISTRY OF “F I R E”
Each of these three elements
must be present at
Heat the same time to have a fire.
A fire will burn until
The energy necessary to one or more of the elements
increase the temperature of is removed.
fuel to where sufficient
vapors are given off for
ignition to occur Fuel
Any combustible material –
solid, liquid or gas

Oxygen
The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen
– fire needs only
16% oxygen
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 Classes of “F I R E”
Class A
Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as wood,
paper, cloth, rubber, and some plastics.
Class B
Flammable or combustible liquids or gases such as
gasoline, kerosene, paint, paint thinners and propane.
Class C/E
Energized electrical equipment, such as appliances, switches,
panel boxes and power tools.
Class D
Certain combustible metals, such as magnesium,
titanium, potassium, and sodium.

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 Stages of “F I R E”

Initial Stage Blaze Stage

(0 Seconds to 10 Minutes) (Over 10 Minutes)

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 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

• Portable Fire Extinguishers

• It is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or
control small fires. It is also known as First Aid Portable Fire
Extinguishers

Fire Detection & Alarm System along with

PA System
It is designed to discover fires early in their development when
time will still be available for the safe evacuation of occupants.
The same can be conveyed to other occupants of the building
through Public Address System. A Fire Alarm System consists
of Fire Alarm Control Panel, Heat & Smoke Detector, Manual
Call Point & a Hooter/Sounder.

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 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Hydrant & Sprinkler System
Fire Hydrant is a pipe that allocates water from a main
location to the required place in order to control and
reduce fire. The allocation of water is controlled by
regulator. An Automatic Sprinkler provides a series of
smaller pipelines and small holes which dispense water at
the occurrence of fire.

Fire Suppression/ Flooding System

Fire Suppression or Flooding System works on a flooding
principle in which it applies an extinguishing agent to a
three dimensional enclosed space in order to achieve a
concentration of the agent adequate to extinguish the fire

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 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Fire Resistant Door
A fire door is required to act as a barrier to
the passage of smoke and/or fire to varying
degrees depending upon its location in a
building and the fire hazards associated
with that building.

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 Different Types of fire extinguishers

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 TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE, REMEMBER THE WORD
PASS
PULL . . . AIM . . . SQUEEZE . . . SWEEP
PULL... the pin. Some extinguishers require releasing
a lock latch, pressing a puncture lever or other motion.

AIM... low, pointing the extinguisher nozzle (or it's horn

or hose) at the base of the fire.

SQUEEZE... the handle. This releases the extinguishing agent.

SWEEP... from side to side at the base

of the fire until it appears to be out. Watch the fire area in case
fire breaks out again, and repeat use of extinguisher if necessary.

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 Possible Fire Risk in Office Premises
 Electrical fire risk due to short circuit or overload

 Mal function of appliances leading to electrical fire

 Carelessly discarded cigarette butts

 Overheating of electrical appliances – Electric Stove, Oven

 Malfunction of AC Plant

 LPG leakage

 Photocopier toner

 UPS and EPABX battery

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 Emergency Preparedness/Safety
Measures
Premises Preparedness :-
 Good housekeeping must be followed. Entrance & Exits should be clear,
Paper Scrap should be emptied intermittently.
 Proper checking and maintenance of electrical components and wiring.
 Keeping a check on proper ventilation and cleaning of exhaust ducts.
Equipments Preparedness :-
 Maintain all Fire Safety Equipments.
Staff Preparedness :-
 Co-ordination among Emergency Response Team and other Employees.

Perform Mockdrill once in atleast six months.

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 IN CASE OF FIRE

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 IN CASE OF FIRE

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 First Aid during Fire Emergency

IF ON FIRE
 Stop, Drop, Cover and Roll
 Smother the flames with a blanket
 Move away from heat source
FIRST AID ON BURN INJURIES
 For all burns apply cold running (tap) water for at least 20 minutes
 If running water is not available, wet 2 cloths and alternate them onto the
burn every 2 minutes
 Keep the rest of the body warm
 Remove clothing and jewellery as they can hold heat on the burn and
jewellery can stop blood flow to the burn
 Seek medical attention for any burn bigger than a 20 cent coin, or that
blisters or if there are any concerns

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 TRAPPED IN SMOKE WHAT
YOU CAN DO…

Keep low: fumes in room

Put blanket or coat against may not be visible.
bottom of door to keep out
smoke.

Open window and call for help.

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 THANK YOU !!

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