Fire and Rescue

WHAT IS FIRE

?
 FIRE

FIRE IS AN ASSOCIATED SERIES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS, WHICH

RELEASES THE ENERGY STORED IN FUEL, SUCH AS SMOKE,HEAT AND

LIGHT(FLAME).
The Fire Triangle
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
Class of Symbol Material involved Method of Most suitable
fire extinguishments extinguishing agent

A
Solid Combustible Material e.g. Wood, Cooling, Water
paper, plastic, rubber, grass, dry Starvation.
vegetation

B
Flammable Liquids e.g. petroleum Smothering, Foam, DCP, CO2
products, oil and lubricants. Starvation

Gas fire Starvation CO2, DCP

C Eg. LPG, Hydrogen etc.,

D
Reactive Metal Fires Smothering, Chain Special DCP, TEC etc
e.g. Na, Ti, Mg, Uranium, Zirconium etc. breaking
 PRINCIPLES OF FIRE EXTINCTION

AIR SMOOTHERING
FUEL

HEAT
FUEL AIR

FUEL
AIR
HEAT STARVATION

COOLING HEAT
 Methods of Extinguishment

a) Cool the burning

material.
b) Exclude oxygen.
c) Remove fuel.
d) Break the chemical
reaction.

7 Safety & FS
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING
EQUIPMENTS (FAFF)

1. FIRE BUCKETS

2. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

3.HOSE -REEL - HOSE

 TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

1. WATER TYPE EXTINGUISHER

2. FOAM TYPE EXTINGUISHER

3. DCP EXTINGUISHER

4. CO2 EXTINGUISHER
Mechanical Foam Extinguishers
Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) Extinguishers
Carbon-Di-Oxide (CO2) Extinguishers
HOSE BOX AND HYDRANT
 HYDRANT OPERATIONS

Holding of Hose Laying of Hose

Holding of Branch

Connect Hose with Hydrant

 FIRE
Discover Fire

Sound Local Alarm

Call S&FS Department

Bring Available Extinguisher

Try to extinguish fire

Be at a safe distance from Fire

Select correct
Extinguisher

Fight Fire
 Rescue

 To save any person from the danger or harm .

 It usually involves the saving of life or prevention

of injury during an incident or dangerous
situation.

 E.g. Rescue the person from height , confined

space or water etc.,
List of Common Rescue tools

 Rope

 Hand Tools

 Power tools

 Respiratory Equipment

 Water rescue Equipment

Rope

– Basic tools for rescue

– Easily available

– Can be used any person with

limited training

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Gotcha and G One Kit- Fall Protection

– Ascending Device

– Through Gotcha suspended

person can be rescued from height.

– G-one kit having facility of

ascending and descending and it
can be used in work at height and
confined space rescue.
Hand tools

 Portable and light in weight

 Can be used by one person

 It is used for general purpose like

Cutting, digging, breaking etc.,
Power Tools

Its main purpose is to

free injured people after the
accidents by cutting the
door hinges, door struts,
roof struts or Steel plates
etc.,
Spreader

Spreader has been

specially designed for rescue
purpose. Its main purpose is to
free injured people after traffic
accidents by spreading,
opening the car
doors/beams /other objects/
structures.
Lifting Bag

• Used to lift heavy loads to rescue

victims trapped underneath.

• Capable of lifting, moving & shifting

objects

• Can bend steel bars, beams or

doors for forcible entry to release
entrapped victims.
Rotary Rescue Saw

• It can cut metal,

concrete.

• Rescue the person who

are trapped inside the
debris/light beams etc.,

• Also use for forcible

entry.
Chain Saw

• It is used for cut wood, trees

etc.,

• It can cut very fast.

• It is very useful for disaster and

cyclone time .
Breathing Apparatus Set

• It is use during rescue and fire

fighting operation wherever
irrespirable atmosphere exist.

• Total duration of this set is 45

Minutes at 300 bar pressure

• Warning whistle will blown 10

Minutes before exhausting the
cylinder.

• Pre-entry test to be carried out

before use .
Emergency Life Breathing Apparatus Set
(ELBA)

• Total working duration is 15

Minutes

• It is only used for escaping

purpose

• It can be used in irrespirable

atmosphere
Air Blower

• Especially for confined space

work

• Not advisable at gas leakage

area.

• It can be operated manually

and Electrically.
OXY-PAC

•Total working duration is 90

Minutes

•Supply oxygen to the victim.

• It is very helpful for saving life

of CO inhaled person
Tripod

• It is very useful for confined

space rescue.

• It can lift the person up to 20

Mtr.

• No separate anchor point

required.
Surveillance Monitors

• Identification of gas leakages

• Speed monitoring

• Save the life of person

• Save from hidden gas hazards

 Type of Rescue method

 Human Crutch
This method is applicable only when
the casualty is conscious.
or
This method is only for casualties who
can help themselves. It is an easy
way to move the less seriously injured
 ONE-RESCUER METHODS

 Drag Carry
This method is used to drag a casualty who is either lying on his back or
in a sitting position. Ease your hands under the casualty’s shoulders and
grasp the clothing on each side, supporting the head between your forearms.
Drag the casualty backward only as far as necessary for his/her safety. But
be careful, make sure not to choke the casualties when pulling on their
clothing.
 ONE-RESCUER METHODS
 Blanket Drag
An alternate method to the drag carry, the rescuer can
use a blanket to support and pull the casualty.
ONE-RESCUER METHODS

 Pick-a-Back
This method is applicable only when the
casualty is conscious, without any injury
but not able to walk.
Simply lift the casualty from a standing
or sitting position onto your back. Don’t
try it if the casualty is unconscious, or
has arm injuries
 ONE RESCUER METHODS

 Removal Downstairs
Don’t try this if you suspect
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head/spinal injuries, or
broken limbs. Use a
mattress or rug under the
person if one is available.
 ONE-RESCUER METHODS

FIREMAN LIFT

This technique is for

carrying a victim longer
distances. It is very difficult to
get the person up to this
position from the ground.
Getting the victim into position
requires a very strong rescuer
or an assistant.
 ONE-RESCUER METHODS

 Firefighter’s Crawl
Use a triangular
bandage, a torn shirt, etc.,
to tie the casualty’s hands
together, and place them
around your neck. This
way you can move a
person much heavier than
yourself.
 Two-rescuer methods

 Chair lift
The chair carry can be
used for a conscious or unconscious
casualty but not for suspected
head/spinal injuries. For protection,
secure the casualty's hands across
his or her chest and, if the casualty is
unconscious, secure the person to
the chair.
 Two-rescuer methods

 Two-hand seat carry

This is another way to carry a
conscious casualty who can
neither walk nor support the
upper body. Make a hook with
your fingers by folding them
towards your palm and grab onto
your partner's "hook". If you don't
have any gloves, use a piece of
cloth to protect your hand from
the other person's nails. This is
yet another good reason to wear
gloves.
 Two-rescuer methods

 Four-hand seat carry

This technique is for carrying
conscious and alert victims
to moderate distances. The
victim must be able to stand
unsupported and hold
themselves upright during
transport.
 THREE-PERSON CARRY OR STRETCHER LIFT
This technique is for lifting patients onto a bed or
stretcher, or for transporting them short distances.

3
 THREE OR MORE RESCUERS

Three or
more rescuers
get on both
sides of the
victim.
The strongest
member is on
the side with
the fewest
rescuers.
 Multi-rescuer methods

 Blanket lift
Don't use this lift if head/spinal injuries are suspected.

Any ?