DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES

Niraj Patel
9428891414
niraj.patel@darshan.ac.in
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 INTRODUCTION
 These are enumerated from article 36 to 51.
 It contains philosophy of our Constitution.
 Borrowed from Irish Constitution of 1937, which it had
borrowed from Spanish Constitution.

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 Features
 It denotes the ideals that state should adopt and keep in
mind while formulating the policies and laws.
 In general sense, it is the constitutional instructions or
recommendations to the state in various matter.
 These resemble to “Instrument of Instructions” of GOI
act, 1935.
 It contains a comprehensive programme for a democratic
state.
 These are non-justiciable in nature. However Article 37
says that these principles are fundamental in governance.

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 Classification of Directive Principles
 The Constitution does not provide any classification.
 However, on the basis of content and direction
(ideology), it can be divided into three broad categories.
1. Socialistic Principles
2. Gandhian Principles
3. Liberal – Intellectual Principles

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 Overview

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 Gandhian Principles
 Based on Gandhian ideology.
 These represents the programme of reconstruction
during national movement as said by Mahatma Gandhi.
 So in order to fulfil their ideology, some of them are
enacted in as Directive Principles. These were
 To organise the village panchayats and enable them to
function as units of self government.(Article 40)
 To promote cottage industries on individual and co
operative basis in rural areas.(Article 43)

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 Contd.
 To promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning,
democratic control and professional management of co-
operative societies.(Article 43B) (added through 97th
amend., 2011)
 To promote the educational and economic interest of SCs,
STs and other WS of societies and protect them from the
injustice and exploitation.(Article 46)
 To prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs
which are injurious to health.(Article 47)
 To prohibit slaughter of cows, calves and to improve their
breeds. (Article 48)
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 Liberal – Intellectual Principles
 These represent the ideology of liberalism.
 To secure for all citizens a uniform civil code throughout
the country (Article 44).
 To provide early childhood care and education for all
children until they complete the age of six years (Article
45).
 To organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern
and scientific lines (Article 48).
 To protect and improve the environment and to
safeguard forests and wild life (Article 48A).
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 Contd .
 To protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or
historic interest which are declared to be of national
importance (Article 49).
 To separate the judiciary from the executive in the public
services of the State (Article 50).
 To promote international peace and security and
maintain just and honourable relations between nations;
to foster respect for international law and treaty
obligations, and to encourage settlement of international
disputes by arbitration (Article 51).

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 Socialist Principles
 These reflect ideology of socialism.
 It lay down the framework of democratic socialist state.
 These were:
 State shall promote welfare of people and maintain
social order through social, economic ad political justice
to all. (Article 38)
 State shall try every possible means to minimize the
inequalities in income, status, facilities and
opportunities.(Article 38) (Added through 44th amend.,
1978)
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 Contd.
 To secure
 Right to adequate means of livelihood to all citizens.
 Equitable distribution of all material resources of community for
common good.
 Prevention of concentration of wealth and production.
 Equal pay for equal work for men and women.
 Protection of health and strength of workers and children
against forcible abuse.
 Opportunities for healthy development of children.(Added
through 42nd amend., 1976)
(Article 39)
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 Contd.
 Promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to
poor.(Article 39A) (Added through 42nd amend., 1976)
 To secure right to work, to education and to public
assistance in case of unemployment, old age, sickness
and disablement. (Article 41)
 To make just and humane conditions for work and
maternity relief.(Article 42)
 To secure a living wage, decent standard of living and
social and cultural opportunities for all workers.
(Article 43)

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 Contd.
 To take steps to secure the participation of workers in
the management of industries.(Article 43A) (Added
through 42nd amend., 1976)
 To raise the level of nutrition and standard of living to
improve public health.(Article 47)

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 Criticism of Directive Principles
 Criticism were based on following grounds.
1. No Legal Force (non justiciable characteristics)
2. Illogically arranged(no proper classification and
arrangement, mixes up with unimportant issues)
3. Conservative (based on too old 19th cent. Philosophy,
suitable for 20th cent. But for today’s ??)
4. Constitutional conflict(regarding powers of centre-
state)

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