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Prof. John Romer L. Venturillo
Reg. Crim., M.S. Crim. Justice, Ph.D. Crim. (in-progress)
2nd Placer, August 2010 Criminologists Licensure
Examination
Asst. to the Dean of Criminology, PCCR
Author, Criminology Books
OUTLINE OF THE LECTURE

I. General Ethics
II.Special Ethics
III.PNP Code of Conduct and
Ethical Standard
a. Brief History
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b. Related Laws
c. Definition of
Terms
d. the Code
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- the study of the general
principles of morality

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ETHICS
* derived from the Greek
word, “ethos”, which
means characteristic way
of living
* the science of the morality

of human acts
MORALITY
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* the quality which makes
an act good or evil, right or
wrong
HUMAN ACTS
* actions that are done
knowingly deliberately and
, freely
BASES OF MORALITY
1)SOCIAL NORMS – unwritten
standard of acceptable behavior in society
a) customs

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b) tradition
C) culture
2)LAWS OF SOCIETY – written rules of

behavior
a)laws created by men to maintain
harmony and order
3) RELIGION – a system of beliefs

and practices based on faith and
truths revealed to man by God
4) CONSCIENCE – the
practical judgment of reason
telling us what should be done
and what should
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be avoided; reflection is one’s
character
CHARACTER
- refers to the traits of a
person shown through
thoughts, actions,
his values
and virtues
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VALUE/
S
- refer to anything that a person
considers such as
important,
ideas or experiences
VIRTUE/S
- the habit of doing what
is good or right

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FOUR (4) MORAL/CARDINAL
VIRTUES
1) PRUDENCE
-the ability to make decisions by
means of reason and sound judgment
-the virtue that attracts the intellect to
choose the most effective means for
accomplishing what is good and
avoiding what is evil

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2) FORTITUDE
- firmness of mind; the
courage to endure without
yielding; the virtue that gives a
person strength of the will; the
virtue that incites courage
Examples of Fortitude:
a) PATIENCE
- the ability to be calm in enduring
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situations
b) PERSEVERANCE
- the ability to go on despite
obstacles
c) ENDURANCE
- the ability to last
3 TEMPERANCE
)- the ability to moderate
one’s instincts and emotions;
the virtue that regulates a
person’s wants; also means
self-control
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4) JUSTICE
- the virtue that inclines
the will to give to each
what is due to him; the
virtue that inclines the
will to respect the rights
of others
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THREE (3) DIVISIONS OF
JUSTICE
1)
COMMUTATIVE
JUSTICE
- regulates those actions that
involve the rights that exist
between individuals

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Example:
Workers owe their employers

diligent work in exchange for their
wages.
Likewise, employersowe
their workers payment for work done.

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- Calls for fundamental fairness in
all agreements and exchanges
between individuals or private social
groups
- demands respect for the equal

human dignity of all persons in
economic transactions, contracts or
promises
2) DISTRIBUTIVE
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JUSTICE
- regulates those actions
that involve the rights that
an individual may claim
from society
3) LEGAL JUSTICE
- regulates those actions
which society may justly
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require of the individual
for the common good
RIGHT
- anything that is owed or due
- something to which a
hasperson
a just and lawful claim
- anything that a person
can lawfully demand

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HUMAN RIGHTS
- rights pertaining to the

rights of man; rights
inherent to man by virtue of
being a human being

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BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
1) RIGHT TO LIFE
Exceptions:
1. self-defense
2.death under exceptional
circumstances
3. death
penalty

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BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
2)RIGHT TO LIBERTY
Exceptions:
1.for reasons of public health and
public safety
2.penalty for commission
of a crime
3.circumstances of
warrantless arrests
BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS

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3) RIGHT TO PROPERTY
Exceptions:
1.circumstances of
warrantless search
2. by virtue of court order
BILL OF RIGHTS
- a list of individual liberties,
freedom and rights which are
guaranteed and protected under
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Article III of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution
- protection of individuals against
abuses of the state
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- the study of the application
of the general principles of
morality
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
- a sub-branch of special ethics
- a set of moral code to which
every profession must
subscribe
- aims to guide the
actuations of the
professional in the practice of
his profession

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Examples of professional ethics
1) medical ethics
2) business ethics
3) legal ethics
4) code of ethics of
teachers
5) code of ethics of
public officials
6) POLICE
ETHICS

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POLICE ETHICS
- a practical science that

treats the principles of
human morality and duty
as applied to law
enforcement

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According to Section 37 of RA
6975, “There shall be established a
performance evaluation system which
shall be administered in accordance
with the rules, regulations and
standards, and a CODE OF
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CONDUCT promulgated by the
Commission for of the
members
PNP…”
NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION
NO 92-4
- the resolution issued by the
NAPOLCOM approving the draft
of PNP Code of Professional
the
Conduct and Ethical Standards by
the PNP
- approved on 12 March
1992
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LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL
CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
STANDARDS
1)RA 3019 – the Anti-Graft and
Corrupt Practices Act
2)RA 6713 – Code of Conduct and
Ethical Standards for Public
Officials and Employees

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3) RA 7080 – Anti- Plunder
Act
4) R.A. 9485 – the Anti-Red Tape
Act of 2007
5) People’s Law Enforcement
Board (PLEB) Rules and
Regulations

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definitions provided by various
pertinent laws
NEGLECT OF DUTY
OR NON-FEASANCE

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- the failure to perform an act or duty
that is part of one’s obligation without
sufficient excuse.
MISCONDUCT
OR
MALFEASANCE
- the commission of an act that one is

prohibited to do
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IRREGULARITIES IN THE
PERFORMANCE OF DUTY OR
MISFEASANCE
- the improper performance of some act
which might lawfully be done
INCOMPETENCY
-the manifest lack of adequate
ability and fitness for the
satisfactory performance of police
duties
-has reference to any physical,
moral or intellectual quality,
the lack of which substantially
incapacitates one to perform his

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duties
OPPRESSION
- an act of cruelty,
severity, unlawful
domination, or excessive use of
execution,
authority

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DISHONESTY
- concealment or distortion of
truth in a matter of fact
relevant to one’s office or
with the performance of his
connected
duties

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DISLOYALTY TO
THE GOVERNMENT
- consists of abandonment or
renunciation of one’s loyalty to
the Government of
the
Philippines, or advocating the
overthrow of the government
PUBLIC OFFICER
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- includes elective and appointive
officials and employees,
permanent
or temporary, whether in the
classified or unclassified or exempt
service receiving compensation, from
the government

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As a law enforcement officer, my
fundamental duty is to mankind; to
safeguard life serve
property; toprotect the
and innocent deception; weak against
against
oppression or intimidation; and the peaceful
against violence or disorder; and to respect the
constitutional rights of all men, to liberty,
equality and justice.

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I will keep my private life unsullied as an example
to all; maintain courageous calm in the face of
danger, scorn or ridicule; develop self-restraint and
be constantly mindful of the welfare of others.
Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and
official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the
laws of the land and regulations of my
organization. Whatever I see or hear of a
confidential nature or that is confided to me in my
official capacity will be kept ever secret unless
revelation is necessary in the performance of my
duty.

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I will never act officiously or permit personal
feelings, prejudices, animosities or
friendship to influence my decision, with no
compromise for crime and with relentless
prosecution of criminals. I will enforce the law
courteously and appropriately without fear or
favor, malice or ill-will, never employing
unnecessary force or violence and never
accepting gratuities in return.

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I recognize the badge of my office as a
symbol of public faith and I accept it as a
public trust to be held so long as I am true to
the ethics of police service. I will never engage
in acts of corruption or bribery, nor will I
condone such acts by other police officers. I
will cooperate with all legally authorized
agencies and their representatives in the pursuit
of justice.
I know that I alone am responsible for my own

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standard of professional performance and will
take every reasonable opportunity to enhance
and improve my level of knowledge and
competence. I will constantly strive to achieve
these objectives and ideals, dedicating myself
before God to my chosen profession... law
enforcement.

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1) Primordial Police
Responsibility
2) Limitation of Police
Authority
3) Knowledge of the
Law and other
Responsibilities
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4) Use of Proper Means
to Obtain Proper Ends
5) Cooperation with Public

Officials
6)Proper Conduct and
Behavior
7)Conduct Towards the
Community
8)Conduct in Arresting
Law Violators
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9) Firmness in Refusing
Gifts
10) Impartial Presentation
of Evidence
11) Attitude TowardsPolice
Profession

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1) Prevention of Crime
and
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Disorder
2)Cooperation of the Community
3)Unreasonable Force Reduce
Community Cooperation
4)Use of Reasonable Force when
Persuasion is not Sufficient
5)Impartial Enforcement of Laws
6)The Community are the

Police

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7)Police should not usurp Judicial
Power
8)Rules of Engagement
Impartially Observed
9)Reduction of Crime
and Disorder
10) Police Discretion
POLICE DISCRETION
- the act or liberty to decide
the according principles of
to the and the police officer’s
justice
ideas of what is right and proper

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under the circumstances
ABUSE OF DISCRETION
- the use of discretion in
such a way as to deprive
a person of his right

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1) Love of God
2)Respect for Authority
3)Selfless Love and
Service to People
4) Sanctity of Marriage and Respect
for Women
5) Responsible Dominion and
Stewardship over
Material Things
7) Truthfulness

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1) PNP Image – PNP
members shall possess the
following virtues:

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a) HONOR
b) INTEGRITY
c) VALOR
d) JUSTICE
e) HONESTY
f) HUMILITY
g) CHARITY
h) LOYALTY TO
SERVICE
2) Career Management:
the Key in Professionalism
3) Police Management

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Leadership
4) Delicadeza
5) Equality in the
Service
6) Police Lifestyle
7) Political
8) Patronage Human
Rights
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1) Commitment to
Democracy
2) Commitment to Public
Interest
3) Non-Partisanship
4)Physical Fitness
and Health
5) Secrecy
Discipline

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6) Social Awareness
7)Proper Care and Use
of Public Property
8) Non-
Solicitation of
Patronage
9) Respect for
Human Rights
10) Devotion to Duty
11) Conservation of
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Natural Resources
12) Discipline
13) Loyalty
14) Obedience to Superior
15) Command
Responsibility

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ETHICAL STANDARDS
- refer to established and

generally accepted moral
values and ethical acts

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1) Morality
2)Judicious Use of
Authority
3) Justice
4) Humility
5) Orderliness
6) Perseverance

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7) Integrity

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CUSTOMS
- rules of formed by
repetition of acts, uniformly
conduct
practiced as social rules
- established usages or social
practices carried on by tradition
that obtained the force of
have
law

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COURTESY
- a manifestation or
expression of consideration
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and respect
SALUTE
- the usual greeting

rendered by
recognizing
uniformed persons entitled
members in
to a salute
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SALUTE TO NATIONAL
COLOR AND STANDARD
- refers to the Philippine

Flag

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ADDRESS OR TITLE
- PNP members who are

junior in rank must address
senior members with SIR
OR MA’AM

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COURTESY CALLS
1)Courtesy call of newly-

assigned or newly-appointed
members
2) Christmas Call
3) New Year’s Call

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4) Promotion Call
5) Exit Call
6) Courtesy of the Post
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CEREMONY
- a formal act or set of

formal acts established
by customs or authority
as
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proper for special occasions
1)Flag Raising
Ceremony
2)Flag Retreat
Ceremony
3) Half-Mast
4) Funeral
Service
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and Honors
5)Ceremony Tendered
to Retiree
6) Honor Ceremony
7) Turn-Over
Ceremony
8) Wedding Ceremony
9) Anniversary

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SOCIAL DECORUM
- a set of norms and

standards practiced by
police officers during social
and other functions
1) Proper Attire
- wearing of
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prescribed uniform
- wearing, as part of uniform,
awards and decorations earned
in accordance with the
prescribed rules and regulations
-adherence to haircut
prescribed by rules and
regulations
- manner of walking:
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police officers are expected to
walk with pride and dignity

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1) Visiting the Sick
2) Survivor Assistance to
Heirs of Deceased
Members
3) Visiting
Religious Leaders

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4) Athletics
5) Happy Hours
- informal get-together at
the PNP Club
- usually on Friday, or any
other day suitable for
the occasion

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RANK-HAS-ITS-OWN-
PRIVILEGE
- the practice where

different ranks carry with
them corresponding
privileges

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TRADITIONS
- bodies of beliefs, stories,
customs and usages
down from handed
generation to
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generation with the effect of
an unwritten law
1) Spiritual beliefs
2) Valor
3) Patriotism
4) Discipline
5) Gentlemanliness

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6) Word of Honor
7) Duty
8) Loyalty
9) Camaraderie

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(included in the subject ETHICS AND
VALUES under the old
curriculum)

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POLICE
- a group of persons established,

maintained and organized for
keeping order, safety, protection of
lives and property and for
prevention and detection of crimes
COMMUNITY
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- refers to the civilian populace
or the public in general, and shall
be used interchangeably with the
terms, public, citizenry, society
and private sector
- derived from the

Latin words, communis,
which
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means common, and tatis
which means fellowship
-a body of people organized

into political, municipal or
social unity
- body of persons living in

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the same locality
POLICE-COMMUNITY
RELATIONS
- the sum total of the dealings
between the police and the people
it serves, and whose goodwill and
cooperation it craves, for the
greatest possible efficiency in the
service

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- refers to the reciprocal
attitudes of the policeand the
community

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PUBLIC RELATIONS
- theactof bringing about

better understanding,
confidence and acceptance
for
an individual or an
organization
MEDIA/MASS MEDIA
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- the channels through
which
information is disseminated to
the public
- may be in the form of
television, movies, radio or
newspaper, and the like
PROPAGAND
A
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- the planned use of mass
communication for public
purpose
POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE
- refers to how the people in the

community perceive regard the
or police

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) COMMUNITY SERVICE
activities that provide service to the

community
may be in the form of medical-dental
mission, sports clinic, feeding
programs, seminars, etc

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1) COMMUNITY
PARTICIPATIO
iN
nvolvement of the community in the
various social projects, particularly, in
the area of crime prevention

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- awareness of the community of their
role in crime prevention
1) PUBLIC RELATIONS

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- activities directed at creating and
maintaining favorable impressions to the
public
- projection of the police public

image to the people to gain their
support and cooperation

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1) Public Information
Program
- designed to bridge thecommunication

gap between the police and the public

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Forms of Media Used:
a) Personal
Media- consists of face-to-face
communication, such as meetings,
rallies,delivering speeches and
house-to-house visitation

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b) Mass Media
- include printed matter
an audio-visual
communications
d
1) Public Relations Program

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- designed to maintain harmony and
mutual support between the police and the
community
- designed to “sell” the police to

the public

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1) Civic Action Program
designed to maintain and encourage

community development

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1) Psychological Program
- designed to condition both friendly and hostile public,
ensuring the facilitation of the attainment of police objectives

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GOOD LUCK ON YOUR BOARD
EXAMINATION!!!

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OUTLINE OF THE LECTURE

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* the science of the morality

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2)LAWS OF SOCIETY – written rules of

3) RELIGION – a system of beliefs

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Workers owe their employers

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- demands respect for the equal

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- rights pertaining to the

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BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS

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2. by virtue of court order

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- a practical science that

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- the commission of an act that one is

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

I know that I alone am responsible for my own

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

5) Cooperation with Public

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

6)The Community are the

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

- refer to established and

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

- the usual greeting

- refers to the Philippine

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M

- PNP members who are

https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/17695812_1270504369684312_5959452000067…_n.ppt/ethics-4hrs.ppt?oh=bb58a8a6761a99951459fd5d6eb96fa1&oe=590AD090&dl=1 02/05/2017, 5J23 P M