LINE GRAPH

27 FEB 2020
BODY
 MAIN FEATURES:
TREND & COMPARISON

OUTLINE TO ANALYZE 2 LINES:

 AT THE STARTING POINT : (1) Raise Figures + Comparison

 In the next period ( Next two / three years ___ in (time) ) :

(2) Trend + New Figures

(3) Comparison
(1)LANGUAGE FOR RAISING FIGURES

BE ( exactly / around/ about / just /

approximately ) at …..
ACCOUNT FOR …
COMPRISE OF….
MAKE UP….
THERE BE ( IS / WAS/ WERE)…

Ex:
- At the starting point in 1990, the amount of milk
consumption was about 35 millions litters per week.
- In 1990, there was 35 millions litters of milk consumed
( which was consumed) by Canadians weekly.
- At the beginning of the period, 35 millions litters of milk
was drunk weekly by Canadians.
- In 1990, Canadians consumed approximately 35 millions
litters of milk per week.
LANGUAGE FOR COMPARISON

- At the starting point in 1990, the amount of milk

consumption was about 35 millions litters per week, WHICH
was far/ much higher THAN ( outnumbered/ outdistanced) the
figure of Pepsi consumption, at just 26 millions.

- In 1990, Canadians consumed approximately 35 millions

litters of milk per week; however, that of Pepsi consumption
was much lower by 9 millions.

- In 1990, there was 35 millions litters of milk consumed

( which was consumed) by Canadians weekly while Canadians
drunk only 26 millions litters of Pepsi.

- At the beginning of the period, 35 millions litters of milk was

drunk weekly by Canadians WHO consumed a smaller amount
of Pepsi, the figure of WHICH accounted for only 26 millions
 LANGUAGE OF TREND
TREND VERBS (ADV) (ADJ) NOUN
UPWARD RISE ( TO / BY) HAVE A RISE
INCREASE WITNESS AN INCREASE
GO UP SEE THE GROWTH
CLIMB EXPERIENCE A SURGE / A
SURGE = RISE DRAMMATICALLY DRAMATIC RISE / A SHARP CLIMB
ROCKET = INCREASE SHARPLY
DOWNWARD FALL A FALL
DECREASE A DECREASE
GO DOWN A DECLINE
DECLINE A DIP
DIP = DECREASE SIGNIFICANTLY
DIVE
PLUNGE
FLUCTUATION FLUCTUATE A FLUCTUATION
GO UP & DOWN ( WILDLY/ UPWARD & DOWNWARD
WIDELY)

STABLE REMAIN STABLE/ STEADY/ GET STABILITY / STEADINESS

CONSTANT/ UNCHANGE/ STATIC REACH A PLATEAU
LEVEL OFF
 (2) TREND + NEW FIGURES

Next five years witnessed a change in the

figures of consumption of two these
beverages. Specifically, that of milk
consumption decreased dramatically by 7
millions whereas Canadian began to drink
more Pepsi, its amount comprised of nearly
27 millions.

(3) COMPARISON (Optional)

At this point, the gap between two data

was narrowed down.
A B
 Full description for PERIOD A

 (1)At the starting point in 1990, the amount of milk

consumption was about 35 millions litters per week,
WHICH was far/ much higher THAN the figure of Pepsi
consumption, at just 26 millions. (2) Next five years
witnessed a change in the figures of consumption of
two these beverages. Specifically, that of milk
consumption decreased dramatically by 7 millions
whereas Canadian began to drink more Pepsi, its
amount comprised of nearly 27 millions.(3) At this
point, the gap between two data was narrowed down.
 Do the description for PERIOD B
 The similar trends continued in the period of 15 years later.
While…….

 - fall gradually to ….. before remaining stable in the last 5 years

at
 - increase rapidly and reach the peak at …..
 - become the first choice of Canadians
 - intake of milk lose its interest noticeably.
HOW TO ANALYZE 3 LINES
 GROUP DATA
 A. ANALYZE THREE LINES at the same time ( When two lines have similar trend)
In 1970, the amount of Pizza consumption was the
highest and accounted for 300 grams weekly while
those of Fish & Chips and Hamburger were about 80 and
40 grams, respectively.

At the starting point, 300 grams of Pizza was

consumed weekly, the data was the highest,
compared to 80 grams of Fish & Chips and 40
grams of Hamburger at the same time.

From the beginning 1970, the quantity of

Pizza consumption comprised of 300 grams
per week, which was much higher than those
of Fish & Chips and Hamburger, at just
under 100 grams.

In 1970, the UK residents consumed 300 grams

of Pizza per week, followed by 80 grams of Fish
& Chips and 40 grams of Hamburgers.
Next ten years experienced dramatic changes in these
fast food consumption habit. While pizza became less
favorite among British who ate 100 grams less than the
past, more Fish & Chips and Hamburger were
consumed. In detail, there were 150 grams of the
former and around 100 grams of the later.

In 1980, the figure of Pizza consumption decreased

significantly by 100 grams whereas those of Fish &
Chips and Hamburger increased gradually to 150 grams
and nearly 100 grams, respectively.
B. Analyze the highest and then group 2 others
Analyze the Fish consumption in the first paragraph.

Group The Salt & Meat consumption into the 2nd one.

In term of Fish consumption, in 1985, the

amount accounted for 600 grams per
person weekly, the most popular food in
comparison to Salt and Meat. Its position
remained during the given period. It can
be clearly seen that, next five years saw a
moderate increase to 700 grams before
coming back to its original position in
1995. However, the data recovered by
rising gradually and reaching the peak at
nearly 850 grams.

Regarding to the remaining food consumption,

 OVERALL STATEMENT
Useful Introductory expressions for OVERALL:

 It is clear from the graph that….

 As can be seen, …
 The most striking feature from the graph is that…
 As is illustrated in the graph, …
 It can be clearly seen that …
 In general/ Generally speaking, …
 It is noticeable that…
 As is highlighted in the graph, …
1. Similar trend
Patterns:
 ………….the general trend was upward/downward.
 ………… something experienced/witnessed/saw (a
similar) upward/downward trend(s) over the given
period.
  …………there was/were (a similar) upward/downward
trend(s)in something (time phrase).

 It is clear that the figures for these countries are

estimated to see upward trends over the given period.

 It can be clearly seen that the percentages / rates of

elderly residents at 65 and over in USA, Sweden and
Japan are predicted to increase / see different increase
over the given period.
2. OPPOSITE TREND

o It can be clearly seen that there was (a/an)

upward/downward trend(s) in…….,while/whereas
………..witnessed (a/an) downward/upward trend(s).

o It can be clearly seen that there were upward trends in

the amounts of Hamburger and Fish & Chips
consumption, whereas the figure for Pizza witnessed a
downward trend over the given period.

o As is illustrated in the graph, the amount of Pizza

consumption decreased while Fish & Chips and
Hamburger became more favorite fast food in UK over
the given period.
3. NO CLEAR TREND / CLEAR ORDER

 As is highlighted in the graph, ……A…..was

generally higher/more popular than …..B……..

o As is highlighted in the graph, Pop Parade was

generally more popular than Music Choice over
the given period.
3. NO CLEAR TREND / CLEAR ORDER

It is noticeable that …..A…..was generally

highest/ most popular in/ over the given period.

o It is noticeable that the amount of goods transported by

road was highest in this period.

o It is noticeable that the amount of goods transported by

road was highest; however, pipeline was the least
favorite modes for transporting merchandise over the
given period.
4. No general trend with clear small periods
of comparison
o As is shown in the graph,…..A….. was highest at/on….
(time phrase), whereas ……B….. was most popular
at/on….(time phrase)…..

o As is shown in the graph, the percentage of radio

listeners was highest at about 8 A.M., whereas TV was
most popular at 9 P.M.
EXAMPLE
The graph compares the different amount of earnings of four
cafes namely The Tea Room, Internet Express, Wi-Fi café and
Café Cool in New York in the previous year.

 Itcan be clearly seen that the Tea Room income

was the highest in all most the given period before
having a slump at the end while those of the
remaining cafes saw upward trends.