• Auditory

ELEMENTS of ARTS • Combined

 Rhythm Dynamics
Elements of
Art:
Auditory Melody Harmony

Timbre Texture
 RHYTHM
• Often associated to the terms beat,
meter, and tempo, rhythm is the
element of music that situates it in time.
• It is the pulse of the music. Beat is
basic unit of music while tempo refers
to its speed (beats/second), Beats can
be organized into a recognizable
recurrent pattern called the meter.
Examples of Rhythm
Let’s Watch This!
Dynamics

• The element of music that

refers to the loudness or
quietness of music is
dynamics. Classical terms are
used to refer to the different
levels pertaining to this
 •Melody refers to
Melody the linear
presentation
(horizontal) of pitch.
By horizontal, it
means that in
musical notation, it is
read in succession
from left to right.

•Pitch is the
highness or lowness
of musical sound.
Harmony

•If melody is horizontal,

harmony is vertical, It arises
when pitches are combined
to from chords. When
several noted are
simultaneously played.
•Harmony can be
described in terms of its
“harshness” dissonance or a
harsh-sounding
combination; or consonance,
the smooth-sounding
combination.
 • Timbre is often likened to the color of
Timbre music. It is a quality that distinguishes a
voice or an instrument from another.
Texture
The number of melodies, the type of layers, and their relatedness
in a composition is the texture of music. It may be:

MONOPHONIC- SINGLE POLYPHONIC- TWO OR HOMOPHONIC- MAIN

MELODIC LINE MORE MELODIC LINES MELODY ACCOMPANIED
BY CHORDS
Monophonic Texture
Homophonic
Texture
Polyphonic
Texture
ELEMENTS OF
LITERATURE
AND THE
COMBINED
ARTS
 At present, not all written works
can be considered literature.

• To understand a good literary work, we should

know first the important elements of
literature.
• It is undeniable that the medium of literature
is language, and language is composed of
words that are combined into sentences to
express ideas, emotions, or desires. Writers,
therefore, should be careful in their choice of
words and expressions of their emotions and
ideas in order to carefully organize sentences
that would manifest a high sense of value.
 Emotional appeal

The
important Intellectual appeal
elements of
literature are:
Humanistic value
 – is attained when the reader is
emotionally moved or touched by
any literary work like:
Emotional How do I love thee?
Let me count the ways. I love thee to
appeal the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out
of sight For the ends of Being and
ideal Grace.
Elizabeth B. Browning How Do I Love
Thee?
 • can be attained when a literary work makes the
reader an improved person with a better outlook in
life and with a clear understanding of his/her inner
self.

• To illustrate, here is a stanza from Amado V.

Humanistic Hernandez’s poem entitled “Foreigner,” which was
translated by Cirilio F. Bautista into English.
value
Finds faults with things that are native-
customs and living, food and dress-
were it not for his brown skin
you’d think he was foreign and born somewhere
else.
 Intellectual appeal
• Rizal’s two revolutionary novels, the Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo, are good
illustrations of literature of intellectual appeal.
• Both add knowledge or information and
remind the reader of what he has forgotten.
Specially, in one of his philosophical ideas “on
consecration to a great idea,” he said:

Don’t you realize that it is a useless life which

is not consecrated to a great idea? It is a stone
wasted in the fields without becoming part of
any edifice. (Simoun to Basilio)
Classification of
Literature

Escape literature

Interpretative
literature
 Escape
Literature
• is written for entertainment
purposes, that is, to help us
pass the time in an agreeable
manner. It takes us away
from the real world and
enables us to temporarily
forget our troubles and has
for its object only pleasure.
Interpretative Literature

• is written to broaden and

sharpen our awareness in life. It
takes us, through imagination,
deeper into the real world and
enables us to understand our
troubles. It has for its object-
pleasure plus understanding.
 Moralizing literature

Uses of Propaganda literature

Literature

Figurative language
 here, the purpose of
literature is to present
moral values for the
reader to understand
Moralizing and appreciate; the
Literature moral may be directly or
indirectly stated.
 Three monkeys sat on a coconut tree Discussing things as
they said to be Said one to the others, now listen, you
two, There’s a certain rumor that can’t be true That man
descended from our noble race The very idea! It’s desire
disgrace! No monkey ever deserted his wife, Starved his
children and ruined their lives. And you’ve never known a
mother monk To leave her baby with others to bunk Or
pass them on from one to another ‘Till they hardly know
who is their mother And another thing, you will never see
A monk build a fence round a coconut tree And let the
coconut go to the waste Forbidding all the monk to the
taste. Starvation would force you to steal from me.
Besides, what monk would smoke a pipe and burn the
trees, pollute his hair and kill himself?
The Monkey’s Here’s another thing a monk won’t do Go out at night and
get a stew Or use his gun or club or knife To take some
Point of View other monkey’s life Yes! Man descended, the ornery cuss,
But brother, he didn’t descend from us!!!
- Anonymous
 This kind of literature is found not
only in history books and advertising
and marketing books but also in
some books describing one’s
personal success and achievements
Propaganda in life. 3. Psychological continuum of
the individual- therapeutic value – It
literature could be looked on as a
sophisticated modern elaboration of
the idea of catharsis- an emotional
relief experienced by the reader
there by helping him recover from a
previous pent-up emotion.
 Don’t Quit
When the road you’re trudging seems all uphill
Life is queer with its twists and turns
When the funds are low, and the debts are high
As every one of us sometimes learns
And you want to smile, but you have to sigh
And many a person turns about
When care is pressing you down a bit…
When they might have won had they stuck it out
Rest if you must but don’t you quit.
Don’t give up though the pace seems slow…
You may succeed with another blow.
Often the struggler has given up
When he might have captured the victor’s cup
And he learned too late when the night came
down
How close he was to the golden crown.
 Success is failure turned inside out…
The silver tint of the clouds of doubt,
And you never can tell how close you are
It may be near when it seems afar,
So stick to the fight when you’re hardest hit…
It’s when things seem worst that you mustn’t
quit. -Anonymous