Smart

Farming:
The Future of
Agriculture
Introduction To IOT
IOT is an acronym for I
nternet of Things. It means accessing
and controlling daily usable devices and
equipments using the Internet. The term
"Things" in the Internet of Things refers
to anything and everything in day-to-day
life which is accessed or connected
through the internet.

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IOT is an advanced automation and analytics system that
deals with artificial intelligence, sensor, networking,
electronic, cloud messaging, etc., to deliver complete
systems for the product or services .

In a nutshell, the Internet of Things is the

concept of connecting any device (so long as it
has an on/off switch) to the Internet and to
other connected devices. The IoT is a giant
network of connected things and people – all of
which collect and share data about the way
they are used and about the environment
around them.

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Histor y

 1970- The actual idea of connected devices was proposed

 1990- John Romkey created a toaster which could be

turned on/off over the Internet

 1995- Siemens introduced the first cellular module built for

M2M

 1999- The term “Internet of Things” was used by Kevin

Ashton during his work at P&G which became widely
accepted

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Histor y

 2004 – The term was mentioned in famous publications like

the Guardian, Boston Globe, and Scientific American

 2005-UN’s International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

published its first report on this topic.

 2008- The Internet of Things was born

 2011- Gartner, the market research company, include “The

Internet of Things” technology in their research

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How IoT works
The entire IoT process starts with the devices
themselves like smartphones, smartwatches,
electronic appliances like TV, washing machine
which helps you to communicate with the IoT
platform.

Four Fundamental Components of an IoT

System:

• Sensors/ Devices

• Connectivity

• Data Processing

• User Interface
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Sensors/Devices
Sensors or devices are a key component that helps you to collect
live data from the surrounding environment. All this data may have
various levels of complexities. It could be a simple temperature
monitoring sensor, or it may be in the form of the video feed.

A device may have various types of sensors which performs multiple

tasks apart from sensing. Example, A mobile phone is a device which
has multiple sensors like GPS, camera but your smartphone is not able
to sense these things.

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Connectivity

All the collected data is sent to a cloud infrastructure.

The sensors should be connected to the cloud using various
mediums of communications. These communication
mediums include mobile or satellite networks, Bluetooth, WI-
FI, WAN, etc.

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Data Processing

Once that data is collected, and it gets to the cloud, the

software performs processing on the gathered data. This
process can be just checking the temperature, reading on
devices like AC or heaters. However, it can sometimes also
be very complex like identifying objects, using computer
vision on video.

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User Interface

The information needs to be available to the end-user in

some way which can be achieved by triggering alarms on their
phones or sending them notification through email or text
message. The user sometimes might need an interface which
actively checks their IoT system. For example, the user has a
camera installed in his home. He wants to access video
recording and all the feeds with the help of a web server.

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Applications

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Internet of
Things
Smart Farming
 Introduction

• Modern Agriculture is focused on the use of data acquired through

various sources .(historical, geographical and instrumental) in the
management of farm activities.
• Smart Agriculture is focused around soil, weather and crop conditions.
Given the importance of weather and irrigation;

• Technologically advanced doesn’t essentially mean that it is a smart

system. Smart systems differentiate themselves through their ability to
record the data and make sense out of it.
• Smart farming employs hardware(IoT) and BaaS to capture the data
and give actionable insights to manage all the operations on the farm,
both pre and post harvest. The data is organized, accessible all the time
and full of data on every aspect of finance and field operations that can
be monitored from
anywhere in the world.

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 Smart
Farming
The Future of Agriculture

Sample Footer Text 14

Smart Farming

"Smart farming" is an emerging concept that refers to

managing farms using technologies like IoT, robotics, drones and AI to
increase the quantity and quality of products while optimizing the human
labor required by production.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has provided not only a way to better
measure and control growth factors, like irrigation and fertilizer, on a
farm, it will change how we view agriculture in its entirely.

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 Technologies Available For Present-day Farmers 

•Sensors: soil, water, light, humidity, temperature management

•Software:  specialized software solutions that target specific farm types or

Applications agnostic IoT platforms

•Connectivity: cellular, LoRa, etc.

•Location: GPS, Satellite, etc.

•Robotics: Autonomous tractors, processing facilities, etc.

•Data analytics: standalone analytics solutions, data pipelines for downstream

solutions, etc.

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Armed with such tools, farmers can monitor field conditions without even
going to the field and make strategic decisions for the whole farm or for
a single plant.

The driving force of smart farming is IoT —connecting smart machines

and sensors integrated on farms to make farming processes data-driven
and data-enabled.

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The IoT-Based Smart Farming Cycle
To optimize the farming process, IoT devices installed on a farm should
collect and process data in a repetitive cycle that enables farmers to
react quickly to emerging issues and changes in ambient conditions.

1. Observation 

Sensors record observational data from the crops, livestock, soil, or

atmosphere. 

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2. Diagnostics

 The sensor values are fed to a cloud-hosted IoT platform with

predefined decision rules and models—also called “business logic”—
that ascertain the condition of the examined object and identify any
deficiencies or needs.

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3. Decisions 

After issues are revealed, the user, and/or machine learning-

driven components of the IoT platform determine whether
location-specific treatment is necessary and if so, which.

4. Action 

After end-user evaluation and action, the cycle repeats from the
beginning.

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IoT Solutions to Agricultural Problems

Many believe that IoT can add value to all areas of farming,
from growing crops to forestry. Two major areas of
agriculture that IoT can revolutionize:

1.Precision farming

2.Farming automation/robotization

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1. Precision Farming

Precision farming, or precision agriculture, is an umbrella concept for

IoT-based approaches that make farming more controlled and
accurate. In simple words, plants and cattle get precisely the treatment
they need, determined by machines with superhuman accuracy.
The biggest difference from the classical approach is that precision
farming allows decisions to be made per square meter or even per
plant/animal rather than for a field.

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 By precisely measuring variations within a field, farmers can
boost the effectiveness of pesticides and fertilizers, or use them
selectively.

2. Precision Livestock Farming

As in the case of precision agriculture, smart farming techniques

enable farmers better to monitor the needs of individual animals
and to adjust their nutrition accordingly, thereby preventing
disease and enhancing herd health.

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Large farm owners can use wireless IoT applications to monitor the location,
well-being, and health of their cattle. With this information, they can identify sick
animals, so that they can be separated from the herd to prevent the spread of
disease.

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Automation in Smart Greenhouses

Traditional greenhouses control the

environmental parameters through manual
intervention or a proportional control mechanism,
which often results in production loss, energy loss,
and increased labor cost.

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 IoT-driven smart greenhouses can intelligently
monitor as well as control the climate, eliminating the
need for manual intervention. Various sensors are
deployed to measure the environmental parameters
according to the specific requirements of the crop. That
data is stored in a cloud-based platform for further
processing and control with minimal manual intervention.

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Agricultural Drones

Agriculture is one of the major verticals to

incorporate both ground-based and aerial drones
for crop health assessment, irrigation, crop
monitoring, crop spraying, planting, soil and field
analysis and other spheres.

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Importantly, IoT-based smart farming doesn’t only target large-scale farming operations;
it can add value to emerging trends in agriculture like organic farming, family farming,
including breeding particular cattle and/or growing specific cultures, preservation of
particular or high-quality varieties etc., and enhance highly transparent farming to
consumers, society and market consciousness.

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Third Green Revolution

Smart Farming and IoT-driven agriculture are paving the way for
what can be called a Third Green Revolution.
Following the plant breeding and genetics revolutions, the Third
Green Revolution is taking over agriculture. That revolution draws
upon the combined application of data-driven analytics technologies,
such as precision farming equipment, IoT, “big data” analytics,
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs or drones), robotics, etc.
.

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 In the future this smart farming revolution depicts,
pesticide and fertilizer use will drop while overall
efficiency will rise. IoT technologies will enable better
food traceability, which in turn will lead to increased food
safety. It will also be beneficial for the environment,
through, for example, more efficient use of water, or
optimization of treatments and inputs.

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Summary

Therefore, smart farming has a real potential

to deliver a more productive and sustainable
form of agricultural production, based on a
more precise and resource-efficient
approach. New farms will finally realize the
eternal dream of mankind. It’ll feed our
population, which may explode to 9.6 billion
by 2050.

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Thank You
Royapally Harshitha

harshitharoyyapally@gmail.com

04/12/2021 33