PRESENTATION ON

“GENERATION OF COMPUTER”

1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation 5th Generation
What
Whatis computer
is computer

 A computer is a programmable device that stores, retrieves,

and processes data. The term "computer" was originally
given to humans (human computers) who performed
numerical calculations using mechanical calculators, such as
the abacus and slide rule. The term was later given to
mechanical devices as they began replacing human
computers. Today's computers are electronic devices that
accept data (input), process that data, produce output, and
store (storage) the results (IPOS).
 A computer system is a "complete" computer that includes
the hardware, operating system (main software),
and peripheral equipment needed and used for "full"
operation. This term may also refer to a group of computers
that are linked and function together, such as a computer
network or computer cluster.
 GENERATION OF COMPUTER

1ST GENERATION 2ND GENERATION 3RD GENERATION 4TH GENERATION 5TH GENERATION

• 1946 -1959 • 1956 – 1965 • 1965 – 1971 • 1971 – 1980 • 1980 – present
• Vacuum Tube • Transistors based • Integrated Circuit • Microprocessor • AI & ULSI based
based based based
 1ST GENERATION COMPUTER

 The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory
and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit).
 The computers of first generation was serious and huge. They were often enormous and taking
up entire room. 
 These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse
frequently.
 They were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it.
 In this generation, mainly batch processing operating system was used.
 Punch cards, paper tape, and magnetic tape was used as input and output devices. The
computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.
 The foremost vital computers were ENIAC and UNIVAC-1. UNIVAC was the world’s 1st
commercially electronic computer. IBM 650 was the foremost widespread first-generation
laptop.
 1ST GENERATION COMPUTER
1. Some computers of first generation were −
 ENIAC
 EDVAC
 UNIVAC
 IBM-701
 IBM-650

2. The main features of first generation are −

 Unreliable
 Supported machine language only UNIVAC - I
 Very costly
 Generated a lot of heat
 Huge size
 Non-portable
 Consumed a lot of electricity
VACCUM TUBE
 1ST GENERATION COMPUTER

1. Advantages of First Generation Of Computer –

 The advantage of the primary generation of computers was that these computers quick and will
calculate knowledge in milliseconds.

2. Disadvantages of First Generation of Computers -

 Computers were larger.
 They heated terribly shortly because of thousands of vacuum tubes.
 Constant maintenance was needed.
 Not transportable.
 Costly business production.
 Very less work potency.
 Limited programming capabilities.
 2ND GENERATION COMPUTER
 During the late 1950s and 1960s, the interest in computer technology got fast, and the next
generation of the computer, second, was introduced that replace vacuum tubes and used
transistors.
 The computers made in the second generation were completely based upon transistors, not
on vacuum tubes.
 In this generation, magnetic cores were used as the primary memory and magnetic tape and
magnetic disks as secondary storage devices.
 As compared to the vacuum tube, the transistor was far better through which made possible
computers to become more reliable, smaller in size, faster in speed, more energy-efficient, and
cheaper comparing to the first generation of computers.
 In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN,
COBOL were used.
  Philco Corporation's Transac S-2000 was one of the first computing machines on the basis of
the transistor, which was introduced in 1958. Soon, IBM 7090 was released by IBM that was
entirely based upon the transistor, which was the most powerful data processing system at
that time.
 2nd GENERATION COMPUTER

1. Some computers of second generation were −

 IBM 1620
 IBM 7094
 CDC 1604
 CDC 3600
 UNIVAC 1108

2. The main features of second generation are −

 Use of transistors IBM 1620
 Reliable in comparison to first generation computers
 Smaller size as compared to first generation computers
 Generated less heat as compared to first generation computers
 Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation computers
 Still very costly
 Supported machine and assembly languages

TRANSISTOR
 2nd GENERATION COMPUTER

1. Advantages of Second Generation of Computer –

 Smaller in size as compare to 1st generation.
 Much more reliable.
 Less heat generated.
 Computation was performing in micro second.
 Less hardware and maintenance problem.

2. Disadvantages of Second Generation of Computer –

 Very costly for commercial use.
 It still required frequent maintenance.
 Frequent cooling also required.
 3rd GENERATION COMPUTER

 The computers of third generation used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A
single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry.
 Due to ICs, the third generation computers are much faster, efficient, reliable, less
maintenance, and small in size as compared to first and second generation computers.
 During the third generation, the computer has a large storage capacity than the previous
generations. These computers have magnetic storage.
 Third generation computer uses less electricity but still, they are little expensive and also use
the air conditioner for cooling.
 The third generation computers reduce the computational time. In the previous generation, the
computational time was microsecond which was decreased to the nanosecond.
 In this generation, punch cards were replaced by mouse and keyboard.
 The high level programming language such as BASIC, PASCAL, ALGOL-68, COBOL,
FORTRAN – II was used in third generation computers.
 3rd GENERATION COMPUTER

1. Some computers of this generation were −

 IBM-360 series
 Honeywell-6000 series
 PDP (Personal Data Processor)
 IBM-370/168
 TDC-316

2. The main features of third generation are −

 IC used
 More reliable in comparison to previous two generations IBM-360 SERIES
 Smaller size
 Generated less heat
 Costly
 Consumed lesser electricity
 Supported high-level language INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
 3rd GENERATION COMPUTER

1. Advantages of Second Generation of Computer –

 Smaller in size as compare to previous generation.
 More reliable as compared to previous generation.
 Better speed and could calculate data in nano second.
 Less expensive and better accuracy.
 Maintenance cost was low because hardware failure is rear.

2. Disadvantages of Second Generation of Computer –

• Air conditioning was required.
• Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturing of IC
chips.
• Maintenance of integrated circuits was difficult
 4th GENERATION COMPUTER

 The fourth generation computers were made using very large scale integration technology.
 Tens of thousands of components were packed on a single chip, the size of a fingernail. It led
to the development of microprocessor.
 Magnetic core memories were replaced by semiconductor memories.
 Due to the technology upgradation the computer in forth generation are more versatile, large
primary storage capacity, excellent in speed and reliability, portable, very compact and small,
etc.
 Due to the single chip, microprocessor computers became very small but extremely powerful.
The microprocessor helped in performing arithmetic and logical functions for programs. 
 This generation of computers had the first “supercomputers” that could perform many
calculations accurately also they used networking and higher and more complicated languages
as their inputs like  C, C+, C++, DBASE, etc.
 Graphic User Interface (GUI) technology was exploited to offer more comfort to users.
 4th GENERATION COMPUTER

1. Some computer of forth generation were –

 IBM 4341
 PDP 11
 DEC 10
 STAR 1000
 CRAY-1 (Super Computer)

2. The main features of forth generation are – IBM 4341

 VLSI technology used.
 Portable and reliable.
 Computers became the most affordable.
 Pipeline processing.
 Concept of internet was introduced.
 Great developments in the fields of networks.
 Quantity of memory and other storage devices available has expanded MICROPROCESSOR
dramatically.
 4th GENERATION COMPUTER

1. Advantages of second generation are –

 Smaller in size as compared to previous generation.
 More powerful and reliable than previous generations.
 heat generation of these computers was negligible.
 These computers need minimum maintenance.
 inexpensive and portable as compared to previous versions.
 Fast processing power with less power consumption

2. Disadvantages of second generation are –

 The manufacturing of VLSI Chip was needed very advanced technology.
 They required a fan for cooling the system.
 the manufacturing of Microprocessors needed high technical knowledge.
 5th GENERATION COMPUTER

 This generation of computers was based upon parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial
Intelligence) software. 
 In this generation, the VLSI technology has advanced and become ULSI technology, stands for
Ultra Large-Scale Integration.
 Modern high-level languages such as Python, R, C#, Java, and others are used as input
methods.
 The fundamental goal of this system is to make development in artificial intelligence and
incorporate it into a new generation of extremely powerful computers that can be used by the
common people.
 Multi-threaded and distributed operating system are used in fifth generation computers, which
help in easy multitasking.
 Examples that used AI are: on Windows 8 and Windows 10 computers, Microsoft's Cortana and
Apple's Siri on the iPhone.
 Also, AI is used by the Google search engine to process user searches
 5th GENERATION COMPUTER

1. Some computer of fifth generation are –

 Desktop
 Laptop
 NoteBook
 UltraBook
 ChromeBook

2. The main features of fifth generation are – DESKTOP

 Use of ULSI technology.
 Advancement in true AI-based technology.
 Improvements in Parallel Processing.
 Use of Natural language processing.
 Highly user-friendly interfaces including the multimedia support.
 Advancement in storage capacity and speed with HDD and SSD.
AIRTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
 5th GENERATION COMPUTER

1. Advantages of fifth generation are –

 These computers are far quicker than previous generations.
 Fifth generation computers are more reliable and accurate.
 User interface in fifth generation computers is very friendly.
 Fifth generation computer are more energy- efficient.
 Superconductor technology has progressed.

2. Disadvantages of fifth generation are –

 They’re usually sophisticated but could be difficult to use.
 Computer have replaced human in various field due to automation,
accuracy. This increased unemployment
 Affecting human health, ruining creativity and thinking capacity.
 Computer can be a threat in many cases as various type of cybercrimes
can be committed using computer system.
Thank
you