Lecture 8

Data Communications

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Transmission modes
• Simplex
– One direction only
• Half duplex
– Both directions, one at a time
• Full duplex
– Both directions simultaneously

9B-2
 Switching Techniques
• Process of forwarding packets coming
from source to destination via
intermediate nodes is switching
– Circuit switching
– Message switching
– Packet switching

9B-3
 Modem Communications
• Plain Old Telephone System (POTS)
– Standard phone line
– Two-way voice communication
– Uses analog transmission techniques
– Data communication is slow

9B-4
 Modem Communications
• Modems
– Modulator/Demodulator
• Modulator converts digital to analog
– Speed measured in bits per second (bps)
• Current fastest speed is 56 Kbps
• Quality of phone lines dictates speed
– V.92 is the current modem standard
• Modem uses
– File transfer
• Uploading
• Downloading

9B-5
 Digital Data Connections
• Digital phone lines
– Local telephone companies are upgrading
– Service will faster and more reliable
– New phones will be needed
– Modems will need to be upgraded

9B-6
 Digital Data Connections
• Broadband connection
– Any data connection faster than 56 Kbps
– Common in business
– Becoming popular in home installations

9B-7
 Digital Data Connections
• ISDN lines
– Integrated Services Digital Network
– Basic rate of 144 Kbps uses three channels
• Two DS0 data channels each support 64 Kbps
• Error correction channel 16 Kbps
– Primary rate uses 24 data channels

9B-8
 ISDN Connection

9B-9
 Digital Data Connections
• T lines
– High-capacity voice/data lines
– Used to control phone and data
– Several variants
• T1 transmits at 1.544 Mbps (24 DS0 lines)
• T3 transmits at 44.736 Mbps (28 T1s)

9B-10
 Digital Data Connections
• DSL technologies
– Digital Subscriber Line
– Popular with home users
– Speeds range from 100 Kbps to 30 Mbps
– Asymmetrical DSL (ADSL)
• Upload speed slower than download speed
– Symmetrical DSL (SDSL)
– Requires a DSL modem

9B-11
 Digital Data Connections
• Cable modem connections
– Popular with home and office users
– Speeds between 1 and 3 Mbps
– Requires a cable modem

9B-12
 Wireless Networks
• Benefits
– No cable to pull
– Mobile devices access network resources
– Mobility and flexibility for office workers

9B-13
 Wireless Networks
• Wireless 802.11 Also called Wi-Fi
– IEEE standard
• Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers
– Several versions
• 802.11a transmits at 5 GHz and can move up to 54
megabits of data per second.
• 802.11b  transmits at 2.4 GHz and connects up to
11Mbps
• 802.11g transmits at 2.4 GHz like 802.11b, but it's a lot
faster and connects up to 54Mbps
• 802.11n significantly improved speed and range over its
predecessors. For instance, although 802.11g
theoretically moves 54 megabits of data per second.
• 802.11ac is the newest standard as of early 2013.
(explore)
9B-14
 Wireless Networks
• Wireless Access Point
– Center of a wireless network
– WAPS combined cover a larger area
– Distance to WAP determines bandwidth
– Range is 50 to 150 meters
– Extension points can extend range

9B-15
 Wireless Networks
• Wireless Adapters
– Used by devices to connect
– Includes signal strength software

9B-16