MAKITA NINYO?

A
ALUMINUM AND ITS
ALLOY
THEY ARE CHARACTERIZED:
• Low Density ((2.7 g/cm3 as compared to 7.9 g/cm3
for steel)
• High electrical
• Thermal conductivities
• Resistance to corrosion (in some common
environments)
Many of these alloys are easily formed
by virtue of high ductility; this is
evidenced by the thin aluminum foil
sheet into which the relatively pure
material may be rolled. Because
aluminum has an FCC crystal structure,
its ductility is retained even at very low
temperatures. The chief limitation of
aluminum is its low melting temperature
[660oC (1220oF)], which restricts the
maximum temperature at which it can
be used.
TREATMEN
HEAT
T
 HEAT
The application of the term heat
TREAMENT
treatable to aluminum alloys, both
wrought and cast, is restricted to the
specific operations employed to
increase strength and hardness by
precipitation hardening thus the term
heat treatable serves to distinguish the
heat treatable alloys from those alloys
in which no significant strength
improvement can be achieved by
heating and cooling.
ANNEALING
 ANNEALING
a process that reduces
strength and hardness
while increasing
ductility, can also be
used for both the non-
heat treatable and heat
treatable grades of
wrought and cast alloys
PRECIPITATION HARDENING

Precipitation
Hardening
an alloy is heated to a high enough
temperature to take a significant
amount of an alloying element into solid
solution.
SOLUTION
HEAT TREAMENT
The solution treatment temperature is CRITICAL TO
THE SUCCESS of the procedure. It is desirable that the
solution heat treatment is carried out as close as possible
to the liquid’s temperature in order to obtain maximum
solution of the constituents
 QUENCHING
in many ways is the MOST CRITICAL

Q
step in the sequence of heat-treating
operations. The objective of quenching
is to preserve the solid solution formed
at the solution heat-treating
temperature, by rapidly cooling to some
lower temperature, usually near room
temperature.
AGE HARDENING
After solution treatment and quenching,
hardening is achieved either at room

A
temperature (natural ageing) or with a
precipitation heat treatment (artificial
ageing). In
some alloys sufficient precipitation
occurs in a few days at room
temperature to yield stable
products with properties that are
adequate for many applications.
TREATMENTS
 SURFACE
TREATMENT
IN ORDER TO
IMPROVE SURFACE
PROPERTIES OF
FINAL PRODUCTS,
SUCH AS WEAR
RESISTANCE,
CORROSION
RESISTANCE,
REFLECTIVITY ETC.,
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
SURFACE
TREATMENT WERE
 The aluminium profiles
MECHANICAL gain a special look with the
mechanical surface
TREATMENT treatment

POLISHING
IT is carried out automatically or manually.
With the insignificant loss of
material we achieve a smooth, bright surface
without scratches and with high shine.

GRINDING/BRUSHIN
G
With the procedure of grinding and/or
brushing we can remove
bigger flaws on the surface and unify its look.
 CHEMICAL
TREATMENT

It occurs in three levels: pre-degreasing,

degreasing and rinsing. The
procedure removes different impurities from the
aluminium surface, like oil and dirt.
DEGREASING
a chemical process, which happens in

Etching – alkaline solutions. By implementing etching-

satinising process the surface gets tarnishing
look, which varies according to type of aluminium
satinising and alloy, state of surface, temperature and handling
time

pickling
Aluminium gains with it a shiny surface which is
however very sensitive and therefore must Electrochemical
proceed to the further treatment of anodizing as
soon as possible. polishing

ANODIZIN
is an electrochemical process in
which a thicker oxide layer is
created which not only protects the
surface, but by adding certain

G colour shades can gain different

colour tones.
CORROSIO
Rawr!
N
Atmospheric Corrosion
Atmospheric corrosion is defined as
the corrosion or degradation of
material exposed to the air and its
pollutants rather than immersed in a
liquid. This has been identified as
one of the oldest forms of corrosion
and has been reported to account for
more failures in terms of cost and
tonnage than any other single
environment
Uniform Corrosion
General corrosion, or
uniform corrosion, occurs in
the solutions where pH is
either very high or very low,
or at high potentials in
electrolytes with high
chloride concentrations. In
acidic (low pH) or alkaline
(high pH) solutions, the
aluminum oxide is unstable
and thus non-protective.
Galvanic Corrosion
Economically, galvanic
corrosion creates the largest
number of corrosion
problems for aluminum
alloys. Galvanic corrosion,
also known as dissimilar
metal corrosion, occurs when
aluminum is electrically
connected to a more noble
metal, and both are in contact
with the same electrolyte
Crevice Corrosion
requires the presence of a
crevice, a salt water
environment, and oxygen.
The crevice can result from
the overlap of two parts, or
gap between a bolt and a
structure. When aluminum
is wetted with the saltwater
and water enters the crevice,
little happens initially.
Pitting Corrosion
Pitting is a form of
corrosion that develops in
highly localized areas on
the metal surface. This
results in the development
of cavities or pits. They
may range from deep
cavities of small diameter to
relatively shallow
depressions.
Intergranular Corrosion
selective attack of grain
boundaries or closely
adjacent regions without
appreciable attack of the
grains themselves. It is a
generic term that includes
several variations associated
with different metallic
structures and
thermomechanical
treatments.
Exfoliation Corrosion
a special form of intergranular
corrosion which occurs when
the grains are flattened by heavy
deformation during hot or cold
rolling, and where no
recrystallization has occurred.
Exfoliation is a characteristic for
the 2000 (Al-Cu), 5000 (AlMg),
and 7000 (Al-Zn-Mg) series
alloys which have grain
boundary precipitation or
depleted grain boundary regions.
Erosion-Corrosion
high velocity water and is
similar to jet impingement
corrosion. Erosion-
corrosion of aluminum is
very slow in pure water, but
is accelerated at pH > 9,
especially with high
carbonate and high silica
content of the water.
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
a special form of intergranular
corrosion which occurs when
the grains are flattened by heavy
deformation during hot or cold
rolling, and where no
recrystallization has occurred.
Exfoliation is a characteristic for
the 2000 (Al-Cu), 5000 (AlMg),
and 7000 (Al-Zn-Mg) series
alloys which have grain
boundary precipitation or
depleted grain boundary regions.
Corrosion Fatigue
occur when an aluminum
structure is repeatedly
stressed at low stress levels
in a corrosive environment.
A fatigue crack can initiate
and propagate under the
influence of the crack-
opening stress and the
environment.
Filiform Corrosion
(also known as wormtrack
corrosion) is a cosmetic
problem for painted
aluminum. Pinholes or
defects in the paint from
scratches or stone bruises
can be the initiation site
where corrosion begins with
salt water pitting.
Microbiological Induced Corrosion
applies to a corrosive
situation which is caused or
aggravated by the biological
organisms. A classic case of
MIC is the growth of
fungus at the water/fuel
interface in aluminum
aircraft fuel tanks.
ALLOY SELECTION
SELECTING ALUMINUM ALLOYS
REQUIRES A DEEP ANALYSIS SINCE
YOU NEED TO CONSIDER A LOT OF
THINGS LIKE ITS STRENGTH,
CORROSION RESISTANCE,
THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY, SURFACE FINISH,
AND SUITABILITY FOR
DECORATIVE ANODIZING,
MACHINABILITY, WELDABILITY
AND PRODUCTION
ECONOMICS/PRICE.
 Maraming

Thank you
salamat