Professional Documents
Culture Documents
John
Loucks
St. Edward’s
University
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Chapter 2, Part B
Descriptive Statistics:
Tabular and Graphical Presentations
Exploratory Data Analysis: Stem-and-Leaf Display
Crosstabulation and Scatter Diagram
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Exploratory Data Analysis
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3
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Stem-and-Leaf Display
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Example: Hudson Auto Repair
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Stem-and-Leaf Display
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Stem-and-Leaf Display
5 2 7
6 2 2 2 2 5 6 7 8 8 8 9 9 9
7 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 9 9
8 0 0 2 3 5 8 9
9 1 3 7 7 7 8 9
10 1 4 5 5 9
a stem
a leaf
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Stretched Stem-and-Leaf Display
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Stretched Stem-and-Leaf Display
Leaf Units
• A single digit is used to define each leaf.
• In the preceding example, the leaf unit was 1.
• Leaf units may be 100, 10, 1, 0.1, and so on.
• Where the leaf unit is not shown, it is assumed
to equal 1.
• The leaf unit indicates how to multiply the stem-
and-leaf numbers in order to approximate the
original data.
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Example: Leaf Unit = 0.1
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Example: Leaf Unit = 10
Leaf Unit = 10
16 8 The 82 in 1682
17 1 9 is rounded down
18 0 3 to 80 and is
represented as an 8.
19 1 7
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Crosstabulations and Scatter Diagrams
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Crosstabulation
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Crosstabulation
Total 30 20 35 15 100
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Crosstabulation
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Crosstabulation
Frequency
Example: Finger Lakes Homes distribution
for the
price range
variable
Total 30 20 35 15 100
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Crosstabulation: Row Percentages
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Crosstabulation: Column Percentages
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Crosstabulation: Simpson’s Paradox
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Scatter Diagram and Trendline
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Scatter Diagram
A Positive Relationship
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Scatter Diagram
A Negative Relationship
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Scatter Diagram
No Apparent Relationship
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Tabular and Graphical Methods
Data
Categorical Data Quantitative Data
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