CAUSE AND EFFECT CONJUNCTION

XI IPS 1, 2, AND 3

By: Ma’am Gita

 CAUSE ( SEBAB)
1. The conjunctions to show cause are:

Because
For
Since
As
Because of
Due to
 EFFECT (EFEK)
2. The conjunctions to show effect are:

Therefore
So
Thus
So that
Such that
Consequently
 Pattern
1. Effect + Conjunction + Cause

Milo doesn’t eat because he doesn’t bring any food.

= Milo tidak makan karena tidak membawa makanan.

I pass the final examination since I study hard.

= Saya lulus ujian akhir karena saya rajin belajar.

2. Conjunction + Cause + Effect

Because he doesn’t bring any food, Milo doesn’t eat.

= Karena dia tidak membawa makanan, Milo tidak makan.

Since I study hard, I pass the final exam.

= Karena saya rajin belajar, saya lulus ujian akhir.
 Conjunction to Show Cause
Because Followed by adverbial clause
For/since (S + Verb + O)
as
Because of Followed by noun phrase
Due to
For the reason that

Example:
1. Nita doesn’t go to school because of getting sick. (Nita tidak sekolah
karena sakit.)
2. Yusman is late because of his laziness.(Yusman terlambat karena
kemalasannya.)
3. Nita doesn’t go to school because she is sick
4. Yusman is late for he is lazy.
 Conjunction to Show Effect
Therefore (karena itu) Followed by adverbial clause
So (jadi) (S + Verb + O)
So that (sehingga)
Thus (sehingga/jadi)
Consequently (Karena itu)
Such that (Seperti yang)
Example:
1. Jasmine is getting flu. Therefore, she doesn’t go to school. (SHOW
EFFECT) = Jasmine kena flu. Oleh karena itu, dia tidak
bersekolah.
2. Jasmine doesn’t go to school since she is getting flu. (SHOW
CAUSE) = Jasmine tidak pergi ke sekolah karena dia terkena
flu.
O Dilan is thirsty so that she drinks mineral water at once. (SHOW
EFFECT) = Dilan haus sehingga langsung minum air mineral.
O Dilan drinks mineral water at once because she is thirsty. (SHOW
CAUSE) = Dilan langsung minum air mineral karena haus.
1. They go to the hospital, for my uncle gets an accident. = CAUSE
My uncle gets an accident. Therefore, they go to the hospital = EFFECT

2. Kita harus ke pasar karena kita tidak punya telur.

Cause = we have to go to the market because we don’t have eggs
Effect = we don’t have eggs, therefore we have to go to market

3. Joe adalah perenang yang hebat karena sering berlatih.

Cause = Joe is a great swimmer for he trains a lot
Effect = Joe practiced a lot so he becomes a great swimmer
4. Mia memberinya hadiah karena dia baik..
Cause =
Effect =

5. Dia terlambat karena dia bangun kesiangan.

Cause =
Effect =
 Task
O Do the Activity 3 (Task 1 and Task 2) on page 22-23! 
O Do the enrichment on page 27.
Make your own sentence 