Introduction to 2G Drive Test

Prepared By: Presented By:

Eng. Ahmed Mountasir Eng. Waleed Elsafoury
Antenna

Antenna Azimuth: Direction of the antenna

Antenna Tilting: tilting of the antenna vertical beam.

Types of tilting:
- No Tilt
- Down Tilt
- Up Tilt
Antenna

Types of Tilting:
1) Mechanical Tilting 2)Electrical Tilting:
Antenna

1) Mechanical tilting

-With mechanical down tilting, the main beam will be down tilted but the back lobe will be
up tilted that make interference.

- With mechanical tilting you can’t change the tilt of one band alone.

2) Electrical tilting

- With electrical down tilting, the main beam will be down tilted but the back lobe will also
be down tilted so back lobe interference decreased.

- With electrical tilting you can change the tilt of any band alone
Why perform a Drive test?

- Every alive Network needs to be under continues control to

maintain/improve the performance.

- Optimization is basically the only way to keep track of the network by

looking deep into statistics and collecting/analyzing drive test data.

- Drive test helps operation and maintenance for troubleshooting purposes.

Drive test tools
Types of Drive Test

Single Site Verification test.

Cluster Test.

Main Road Test.

Benchmarking Test

SWAP test.
Types of Drive Test

 Single Site Verification Test.

- Checking the handover between the sectors of the site.
- Checking the handover (in & out) with the neighbors of the site.
- Checking the coverage of each sector.
- Checking cross feeder.
-Checking the capability to access on the internet
-Checking the capability to download files to view the GPRS rate. (Optional)
Types of Drive Test
Example on Single Site Verification Test
Types of Drive Test

 Cluster Test.
• For checking retainability the command sequence is adjusted as follow:
- infinity number of minutes.
-call wait 10 to 15 sec.

• For checking accessibility the command sequence is adjusted as follow:

- 2 minutes per call.
- call wait 10 to 15 sec.
Types of Drive Test

Example on cluster Drive Test (Aswan City)

Types of Drive Test

 Benchmarking Test.

• This test is mainly used to compare between the quality of service of each
operator.
Types of Drive Test

Example on Benchmarking Drive Test (Aswan international road)

Types of Drive Test

 Main Roads Drive Test.

• This test is mainly used to Avoid VIP complains and enhance the service in the
important areas.
Types of Drive Test

Example on Main Roads Drive Test (26th July Bridge)

Types of Drive Test

 SWAP Test.

• This test is mainly used in case of SWAP from vendor to vendor for one
operator.
Types of Drive Test

Example on SWAP Test

TEMS Windows
GSM Current channel

Time: Computer system time Cell Name: Serving cell name

CGI: Cell global identity Cell GPRS support: Yes or No
[MCC MNC , LAC , CI ]
- MCC: Mobile Country Code Band: 900 / 900E / 1800
- MNC: Mobile network Code
- LAC: Location Area code BCCH ARFCN: BCCH frequency
- CI: Cell Identity
GSM Current channel

TCH ARFCN: The Frequency that carry Traffic only.

BSIC: Base Station Identity Code
Channel Type: BCCH or TCH
Mode: idle / dedicated
Time Slot: Current time slot
Channel Codec: FR: Full rate HR: Half rate AMR: adaptive multi rate
Ciphering Algorithm: A5/1 for example.
Sub Channel Number: SDCCH is divided into 8 sub channels
Hopping Channel: Yes / No on the cell level.
Hopping Frequencies: Frequencies allocated in the hopping group.
MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index offset): On which frequencies call will start.
GSM Serving + Neighbors

Cell Name: Name of the serving cell and neighbor cells

BSIC: Base Station Identity Code BSIC
ARFCN: Absolute Radio Frequency Number >> BCCH Carrier of the cell
Rx lev: Received signal strength measured by the MS (dbm).
GSM Radio Parameters

Rx lev: Measured signal strength

Rx Qual: Voice quality (0 > 7) depend on BER (bit error rate)
FER (Frame Error Rate): Percentage of frames being dropped
BER actual: (Number of bit errors / Number of bit transmitted)
SQI: Speech Quality Index
MS Power control level: Power control, depend on network design.
DTX: Discontinuous Transmission.
TA: Timing advance (0 > 63)
GSM Hopping Channel & GPS

ARFCN: Traffic carriers. Latitude & Longitude  coordinates

Rx Lev: measured signal strength of Altitude  The height from the sea surface
each carrier. Satellites  No. of served Satellites
C/I: Carrier to Interference ration Speed  The velocity of the car
How to open the 2G useful windows
Map Window
How to open Map window and GPS window?
Events

It includes events such as: Call attempt, call established, call end, handover, dropped
call, and blocked call.
Cell File
Cell file loading on TEMS
Cell file with Google earth form
 DT tools connection

1) At first you should define the mobile to computer as a hardware

2) Then you will see the mobile on TEMS with this shape in the Equipment configuration window

3) After that press the green box to connect all the tools

4) After that you will hear (Mobile Connected & Mobile connected & GPS Connected), you will find
that the Equipment configuration window converted to this window
Mobile properties

We can make RAT control to mobile to force it on any selected band (UMTS, GSM)
Mobile properties

Also we can force the mobile from this window to lock on GSM 900 or GSM 1800
(DCS)
Call Sequence window

From this window you can make the mobile make a short calls with it self with selected
duration and selected waiting time

Adjust the command sequence according to the DT needs as shown

2G Field Problems

1. Cross sector
2. Cross feeder
3. HO Failures.
4. Missing Neighbors.
5. Dropped calls.
6. Blocked calls.
7. Overshooting
8. Hardware problem
2G Field Problems

• To understand any problem follow these steps

• What is the problem?
• Reasons of the problem.
• Effects of the problem.
• How to solve it?
• Which TEMS windows to use?
2G Field Problems

• Cross Sector
There are 3 types of Cross sector
1- GSM cross sector
2- DCS cross sector
3- Total cross sector (GSM & DCS) cross sector
2G Field Problems

• Cross Sector

Tx/Rx Tx/Rx Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx
R R
R R x x
x x

This is the normal connection

2G Field Problems

• Cross Sector

S2
S1

Tx/Rx Tx/Rx Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx
R R
R R x x
x x

GSM & DCS cross (Total cross)

2G Field Problems

• Cross Sector

DCS cross
2G Field Problems

• Cross Sector

GSM cross
2G Field Problems

• Cross Sector causes

• Fault capacity planning
• Interference
• Missed neighbors
2G Field Problems

• Cross Sector (before solving)

2G Field Problems

• Cross Sector (after solving)

2G Field Problems

• Cross feeder
• RX with other sector RX
• TX/RX with other sector RX
• TX/RX with other sector TX/RX
2G Field Problems

• Cross feeder

Tx/Rx Tx/Rx
R R
x x

GSM or DCS GSM or DCS

RX with other sector RX

2G Field Problems

• RX with other sector RX Cross Feeder causes

• Bad signal level at uplink
2G Field Problems

• Cross feeder

R Tx/Rx
x Tx/Rx R
x

GSM or DCS GSM or DCS

TX/RX with other sector RX

2G Field Problems

• TX/RX with other sector RX Cross Sector causes

• Fault capacity planning
• Interference
• Missed neighbors
2G Field Problems

• Cross feeder

R Tx/Rx Tx/Rx R
x x

GSM or DCS GSM or DCS

TX/RX with other sector TX/RX

2G Field Problems

• TX/RX with other sector TX/RX Cross Sector causes

• Fault capacity planning
• Interference
• Missed neighbors
• Bad quality in uplink
2G Field Problems

EX: GSM cross feeder before solving

2G Field Problems

EX: GSM cross feeder after solving

2G Field Problems

•
Missing Neighbors
2G Field Problems

•
Missing Neighbors causes
• Fault capacity planning
• Bad level and may cause call drop
2G Field Problems

HO Failure
 Interference on Target Cell.

 Interference on Serving Cell.

 Bad Rxlev on Target Cell.

 Bad Rxlev on Serving Cell.

2G Field Problems

HO failure due to Bad quality on the target cell (Co-channel interference)

 2G Field Problems

HO failure due to Bad quality on the target cell (Adjacent-channel interference)

2G Field Problems

HO failure due to Bad quality on the serving cell

 2G Field Problems

HO failure due to Bad Rxlev on the serving cell

2G Field Problems

Dropped call reasons.

 Delayed HO  Congestion or wrong HO parameter definition.

 HO Failure.

 Bad Quality.

 Missing neighbor (Bad Rx level).

 Transmission problem (Not RF problem)

2G Field Problems

Dropped call due to delayed HO

2G Field Problems

Dropped call due HO failure & Bad quality

2G Field Problems

Dropped call due to Missing neighbor (Bad Rx level).

2G Field Problems

Dropped call due to Missing neighbor (Bad Rx level).

 2G Field Problems

Dropped call due to Transmission problem (Not RF problem)

2G Field Problems

Blocked call reasons.

 No available TCH

 No available SDCCH

 Bad Rxlev.

 Bad Quality
2G Field Problems

Blocked call due to No traffic channel Assignment (No TCH)

 2G Field Problems

Blocked call due to No Immediate Assignment (No SDCCH)

2G Field Problems

Blocked call due to Bad Rxlev & Bad Qual

2G Field Problems

Overshooting cell
2G Field Problems

• Overshooting causes
• Fault capacity planning
• Interference
2G Field Problems

Hardware problem