Introduction to

organisation & systems

Ramya Venkat
Dept of MBA
What is a system?
A system is a set of interrelated
components with a clearly defined
boundary working together to achieve a
common set of objectives.
What do we do with information?
Interpret it
Fit it in a context
Take decisions based on it
Store it for retrieval in future
Edit or delete it
Management functions
Get the job done
Within budget
On time
Using available resources
Satisfactorily – A quality statement!!
Levels of a managerial function
Planning
Organising
Staffing
Directing
Controlling
Levels of management
High level (Strategic planning)
 Long range planning
Middle level (Tactical planning)
 Carry out the plan
 Assemble material
 Allocate resources
 Organise & Staff
Low level(Operational)
 Supervisory
 Directing & Controlling
What is IS?
An organised combination of people,
hardware, software, communications
network, data resources, policies &
procedures that stores, retrieves,
transforms and disseminates information
in any organisation.
Ex: Ola Vs Fast track, POS machine
( A key differentiator)
Fundamental roles
Biz process and operations – Marking
attendance in a register.
Support for decision making – POS
information
Strategies to gain competitive advantage-
Omni channel concept
What is e-business?

Use of internet technologies to work and

empower business processes, e commerce
and enterprise collaboration within a
company and with its suppliers, customers
and other biz stakeholders.
E business applications are required to
Re engineer internal biz processes
Implement ecommerce systems with
customers and suppliers
Promote enterprise collaboration among
biz teams and workgroups.
Types of IS
Illustrations
TP systems – Accounting ledger in a
bank.
Batch processing
Real time processing
Process control system – Monitors
industrial processes – Electrical sensors in
Production systems.
Enterprise collaboration systems – Office
automation tools like VC, web chat etc.
Illustrations
MIS – Pre specified reports & displays-
Cost trend, Sales analysis
DSS – interactive, ad hoc reports –
profitability forecasting, Risk analysis
Executive information systems – Provides
critical info from MIS, DSS & other
sources for the executive’s usage.
Stages of a TP lifecycle
Stage 1: Data entry
Stage 1I: Transaction processing(Batch /
OLT)
Stage 1II: Database maintenance
Stage 1V: Report / document generation
(Action documents / Information
documents)
Stage V: Enquiry processing
Other categories of IS
Expert system - Expert consultant system
Ex: “How to”systems, Scenario based planning etc.
Knowledge management system - creation,
organisation & dissemination of info Ex: posting
best practices in a biz
Strategic information systems (SIS) – processes
that give a strategic advantage Ex: shipment
tracking, e commerce web systems.
Func. Biz systems – Accounting system, sales
system etc.
Role of an ISM
Responsible for the computer systems within
a company
Overseeing installations
Ensuring backup systems operate efficiently
Purchasing hardware and software
Providing technology infrastructure
Contributing to the organisation in terms of
quality policy stds. & strategic planning
What measures success in IT?
What justifies the cost of investing in IT?

Effectiveness – Intended objective Vs

Actual output
Efficiency - TCQ
Enrichment – Sync new processes with the
business strategy
Traits of an MIS professional
Good problem solving skills
Ability to manage time and resources
Clear vision of the big picture
Eye for detail
Desire to work closely with people
Excellent communication skills
Desire to take responsibility for
developing & implementing new ideas
Components of Information
systems
Basic functions of a process
INPUT – Captures & assemble elements that
need to be processed.
PROCESS – Transformation of input to output.
OUTPUT – Transferring elements that have been
produced by a transformation process to their
ultimate destination.
FEEDBACK – Data about the performance of a
system.
CONTROL – Monitoring & evaluating feedback.
Boundary system information
A system does not exist in vacuum;
rather, it exists and functions in an
environment containing other systems.
Subsystem and environment
Systems interact with each other through
interfaces.
Open system
 Adaptive system
Components of IS
 System s/w,
Application s/w,
procedures
Objective measurement of attributes or
entities

Aggregated, manipulated ,
organised, evaluated,
setting a context
Features of an Information
Timely
Accurate
Reliable
Relevant
Measurable
Concise
Components
 Input capture and processing –Data recording & editing
Source document – Original, formal record of a txn.
What are the various ways of input capture into a system?
 Processing of data & information – Organise, analyse
and manipulate data to convert into information
 Common output forms ??? Consumption by end users.
 Storage – Data is retained in an organised manner for
later use.
 Control – produces feedback which needs to be
monitored and evaluated to validate the data.
Definition of MIS
A comprehensive & co ordinated set of
information sub systems which are
rationally integrated and which transforms
data into information in a variety of ways
to enhance productivity in conformance
with the manager’s styles and
characteristics on the basis of established
quality criteria.
Characteristics
Comprehensive
Co ordinated
Has information sub systems
Transforms data into information
Enhances productivity
Confirms with the manager’s style
Role of MIS
For the top mgmt, it is a tool to gain
insight into the overall health of the
organisation
It provides:
Competitive advantage
Facilitates introdn of new products / services
Balancing market strength
Gaining customer preference
 Strategic impact of IS
Positive impact Negative impact
• Office on wheels • Threat to jobs
• Collaboration • Increasing complexity
• Cost save • Unhealthy business
• Increasing productivity competition
• Providing better service • Data privacy issues.
• Creating new products • Aggressive customer
• Co operation expectations
• Shorter time to market • High dependency on
for new products technology platforms
• Requires frequent
upgrades.