Evolution of Globalisation

I don't think that globalisation is anywhere

near the threat that robots are~ Angus Deaton
DEFINITION

Globalization refers to “interdependence of countries

resulting from the increasing integration of trade,
finance, people and ideas in one global marketplace”
EVOLUTION OF GLOBALISATION

The Evolution of Globalisation is divided in phases:

1. Archaic Globalisation
2. Proto- Globalisation
3. Modern- Globalisation
Archaic Globalisation
Earliest traces of globalization can be observed from
the existence of trade links between Mesopotamian
and the Indus Valley Civilization in the third
millennium B.C
After that many empires like Macedonian (Alexander)
323 BC, Roman, Han Dynasty (Silk Route) 220 AD,
the rise of Islam and Mongol empire propagated a
longer wave of globalization.
Proto- Globalization
It began in the early 16th century with the newly founded
zeal for “voyages of discovery”.
It was known by the rise of naval European powers,
particularly the Portuguese Empire, the might of Spanish
Armada, the Dutch and the British Empire- the empire
on which sun never sat.
These new sea routes created new supply lines which
lead to more cultural and political intercourse between
all of the inhabited regions for the first time like America
and Africa.
Modern Globalization
The 19th century witnessed the arrival of globalization in its
modern form. Globalization in this period was hugely shaped by
nineteenth-century imperialism.
Industrialization allowed the cheap production of household items
using large scale machines, while rapid population growth created
ever increasing demand for commodities and varieties.
After the British conquest of India, the massive population of India
became ready consumers of European manufactured goods and
exports which was facilitated by improved means of transportation
and communication .
After WW2, many international organizations were established like
UN, IMF, World Bank which formalized and regularized the trade
flow and diluted trade barriers.
Conclusion
 The globalization has evolved and developed into an all encompassing concept
in the recent times, it has its roots to the ancient times. Starting from the stone
age when humans used to migrate from place to place in search of food and
shelter to the early trade and commerce contacts between Indus Valley
Civilization and Mesopotamian Civilization to the Imperial subjugation of the
whole world in the 18th century; the word “Globalization” has acquired various
shapes and meanings ranging from economical to technical to cultural and most
recently- medical. The COVID-19 pandemic showed a yet another effect
(though negative) of globalization wherein a virus born in the fish market of a
small city of China engulfed the entire world leading the entire human race to
the verge of collapse. The only good thing in this episode of darkness was how
the various countries have come in unison to make a combined efforts to defeat
this cataclysmic virus. The efforts have ranged from joined surveillance of the
case load, trends of virus to joint development of medical equipments, oxygen
cylinders and most importantly the vaccine. India has received appreciation
from all over the world to take the lead role in the development and export of
the vaccines to various nations particularly the developing and the least
developed ones.