A

Seminar Report On Bamboo As a Building Material

In the partial fulfilment of the requirement for Bachelor Degree in Civil

Engineering

Submitted by

Vasave Hrishikesh Mona (S190470030)

Patil Atharva Anil (S190470066)

Borse Suyash Vijay (S190470010)

Guided by

Prof. Neha Pimpale

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MET's Institute of Engineering, Adgaon, Nashik

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune

2020 - 2021
MET's Institute of Engineering, Adgaon, Nashik-422003.

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE

UNIVERSITY, PUNE

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following students have satisfactorily carried out the second
semester T.E. Seminar entitled
"_Bamboo As a Building Material_"

This work is being submitted for the award of degree of Bachelor of Civil Engineering.
It is submitted in the partial fulfilment of the prescribed syllabus of Savitribai Phule
Pune University, Pune for the academic year 2020- 2021.
S190470066

Patil Atharva Anil

Prof.Neha Pimpale Prof. K. S.Chobe

(Guide) (H.O.D. CIVIL)

Prof. L.M.N. Prof. V. P. Wani

(External Examiner) (PRINCIPAL)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our special thanks to our guide PROF. Neha Pimpale Mam, as
well as our principal Dr. V.P.WANI Sir who gave the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful seminar on the topic "Bamboo As a Building Material", which also helped us
in doing a lot of Research and we came to know about so many new things we are
really thankful to them.

We would like to express our thanks to PROF.K.S.CHOBE Sir Head of Civil Engineering
Department for their kind cooperation during my seminar report.

Finally, we are thankful to supporting Staff Of Civil Engineering Department and

Friends who helped us a lot in finalizing this seminar report within the limited time
frame.
 INDEX

CHAPTER NO. DISCRIPTION PAGE NO.

Acknowledgement 3

Abstract 5

Chapter-1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction of seminar

Need of study
12
13 Objectives of Seminar 6-7
1.4 Limitations

Chapter- 2 Literature review 8-9

Chapter-3 Theory 10-15

Advantages

Disadvantages

Chapter-4 Conclusion 16
Reference 17
Abstract
Bamboo is a renewable and versatile resource, characterized by high strength and low weight,
and is easily worked using simple tools. It is widely recognized as one of the most important
non-timber forest resources due to the high socio-economic benefits from bamboo based
products. Bamboo is the world's fastest growing woody plant. Bamboo grows three times faster
than most other species. Housing is one of the priority items and sensing the current shortage
of the dwelling units, the present administrative leaders around the world find tough to hit
upon a solution for. Apart from the other substances already in practice, bamboo appears to be
the most promising material. Bamboo building construction is characterized by a structural
frame approach similar to that applied in traditional timber frame design and construction. In
this case, the floor, the wall, the roof elements are all interconnected and often one dependent
on the other for overall stability. The use of bamboo for foundation is rather restricted. This is
mainly due to the fact that like timber when in contact with damp ground, they deteriorate and
decay very quickly unless treated with some very effective preservatives. The most extensive
use of bamboo in construction is for the walls and partitions. The major elements, the posts
and beams, generally constitute part or structural framework. The roof offers protection against
extremes of weather including rain, sun and wind, and to provide shelter, clear and usable
space beneath the canopy. Above all it must be strong enough to resist the considerable forces
generated by wind and roof coverings. In this respect, bamboo is ideal as a roofing material- it
is strong, resilient and light weighted. Bamboo will continue to play an important part in the
development of enterprises and the transformation of rural environments.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of Seminar

Bamboo has a long and well-established tradition as a building material throughout the
world's tropical and subtropical regions. It is widely used for many forms of construction, in
particular for housing in rural areas. Bamboo is a renewable and versatile resource,
characterized by high strength and low weight, and is easily worked using simple tools. It is
estimated that there are 1200 species growing in about 14.5 million hectares area. Most of
them grow in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
Bamboo is the world's fastest growing woody plant. It grows approximately 7.5 to 40cm a
day, with world record being 1.2m in 24 hours in Japan. Bamboo grows three times faster
than most other species. Commercially important species of bamboo usually mature in four
or five years time, after which multiple harvests are possible every second year, for upto
120 years in some species and indefinitely in others. Bamboo also excels in biomass
production, giving 40 tons or more per hectare annually in managed stands. It accounts for
around one-quarter of biomass produced in tropical regions and one-fifth in subtropical
regions.
It has been used successfully to rehabilitate soil ravage by brick making in India, and
abandoned tin-mine sites in Malaysia. It shelters top soil from the onslaught of tropical
downpours, preserves many exposed areas, providing micro-climate for forest regeneration
and watershed protection It is often introduced into the banks or streams or in other
vulnerable areas, for rapid control of soil erosion; one bamboo plants closely matted roots
can bind upto six cubic meters of soil.
1.2 Need of Study
As construction materials, bamboo has a very strong fiber. The compressive strength of
bamboo is two times higher than concrete, while the tensile strength is close to steel. Bamboo
fiber has a shear stress that is higher than wood

1.3 Objectives of Seminar

i) To study of bamboo as a construction material.

ii) Bamboo as a building material is used for the construction of scaffolding, bridges and
structures, houses.
iii) This is a substitute building material, which is renewable, environment friendly and
widely available, as the wood resources are diminishing and restrictions are imposed on
felling the natural forests.

1.4 Limitations
i) Bamboo is a brittle material and therefore cannot itself absorb energy in an earthquake,
unlike steel.
ii) Shrinkage: Bamboo shrinks much greater than any other type of timber especially when
it loses water.
iii) Durability: Bamboo should be sufficiently treated against insect or fungus attack before
being utilized for building purposes.
CHAPTER 2

2.LITERATURE REVIEW
(a) Ali Awaludina, Viki Andriania, "Bolted Bamboo Joints Reinforced with Fibers, 2 nd
International Conference on Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction
Materials 2014 (scescm 2014), Procedia Engineering 95 (2014) 15 - 21. In this study,
connections in bamboo constructions are regarded as the weakest parts and have hindered
the optimal utilization of excellent bamboo engineering properties were studied in this work.
This paper discussed development of various methods of bamboo jointing, including the
authors' proposal where Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) in the form of sheets is used to improve
the structural performance of bolted bamboo joints. The test results showed a significant
increase of join slip modulus and lateral load capacity of the bolted bamboo connections due
to wrapping effects when they are reinforced with FRP sheets, especially the overlap joints.

(b) Atul Agarwal, Bhardwaj Nanda, Damodar Maity, "Experimental Investigation on

Chemically Treated Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams and Columns", Construction and
Building materials 71 (2014) 610- 617, 26th September 2014. In this study, the feasibility of
usage of bamboo of usage of bamboo as reinforcement in concrete has been evaluated through
a series of experiment investigation on of various beams and column. The bamboos were
chemically treated. The tests performed on specimens were tensile test on bamboo specimen,
pull out test of bamboo slats embedded in concrete, axial load test an d transverse load test on
BRC columns and 2 point load test on BRC beams. It is observed from pull out test that the
bonding strength of the treated bamboo concrete composite is highest for Sikadur 32 Gel
among the other adhesives composed. From the axial load test it is observed that, the plain
concrete and untreated bamboo reinforced concrete show brittle behavior and shows little
warning before axial failure whereas treated bamboo reinforced concrete column with Sikadur
32 377 | P a g e gel shows ductile behavior and gives warning before failure. It is found that
treated BRC column with 8.0% bamboo reinforcement provides same strength and behavior as
pra with reinforcement concrete column with 0.89% steel. From all these test we got to know
that bamboo has the potential to substitute steel as reinforcement for beam and column
members.

(c) Bhavna Sharma, Ana Gatoo, Maximilian Bock, Michael Ramage, "Engineered Bamboo for
Structural Applications", Construction and Building materials 81 (2015) 66-73, 23rd February
2015. The expertimental work characterizes the mechanical properties of two types of
commercial products: bamboo scrimber and laminated bamboo. The study utilised timber
standards for characterization, which allows for comparison to timber and engineered timber
products. The results of the study indicate that both products have properties that compare
with or surpass that of timber. Bamboo scrimber and laminated bamboo are heavily processed
before testing. Future work includes investigating the influence of processing on the material
properties. In particular, the impact of heat treatment performed on the material to achieve a
caramel color. A comparison study on natural colored bamboo will provide better
understanding of the effects of heat treatment on the strength of the material. The beam
section can be optimized to take advantage of the high flexural strength to density ratio.
Research on the influence of the orientation of the original board on the stiffness will also allow
for further optimization. Further investigation of the influence of moisture and the density on
the mechanical properties is needed to provide a foundation from which to develop design
characterization factors for engineered bamboo. Additional testing of full-scale specimens
would also elucidate any effects in comparison to small clear specimens, as well as allow further
comparison to timber and provide an additional step forward towards construction.
(d) Ghavami (1995) has discussed the mechanical properties of bamboo when used in concrete.
Many studies were conducted and the results showed that the load carrying capacity of
concrete reinforced with bamboo increases by 400% as compared to un reinforced concrete but
the bonding was weaker as compared to bonding between steel and concrete. The compressive
strength of bamboo is much lower than its tensile strength. Its strength is high along the
direction of fibres whereas it had low strength transverse to the fibres.
CHAPTER 3

3. THEORY
3.1 Need for Bamboo:

The biggest anthropocentric reason to build with bamboo is its low cost that will easily shelter
millions who could not normally afford a roof over their heads. bamboo has emerged as a
highly promising building material as it consumes less energy in its production than cement,
steel and brick. Bamboo is highly renewable and fastest growing material and has properties
which make it suitable for construction.
Bamboo is widely used in many forms of construction, particularly in rural housing. These
buildings are often simple and construction relying on a living tradition of local skills and
methods. India has the huge potential of raising the market for bamboo based products if
proper cultivating, management and marketing schemes with proper regulatory mechanisms
are adopted while technology advancement and market driven changes have led to an increase
in the use of bamboo based materials much still needs to be done. Bamboo based materials
are widely used too. In its natural condition as solid culms, halved culms or as longitudinally
split strips, bamboo has been used in almostall parts of house construction except for the
fireplace and the chimneys.
3.2 Properties:

Tensile Stength :

Bamboo is able to resist more tension than compression. The fiber of bamboo run axial. In the
outer zone are highly elastic vascular bundle, that have a high tensile strength. The tensile
strength of these fibers is higher than that of steel, but it's not possible to construct
connections that can transfer this tensile strength.
Compressive Strength

Compared to the bigger tubes, slimmer ones have got, in relation to their cross-section, a
higher compressive strength value. The slimmer tubes possess better material properties due
to the fact that bigger tubes have got a minor part of the outer skin, which is very resistant in
tension.
Fire Resistance

The fire resistance is very good because of the high content of silicate acid. Filled up with water,
it can stand a temperature of 400° C while the water cooks inside.

3.3 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES BAMBOO:

ADVANTAGES OF BAMBOO:

The various advantages of bamboo are as follows:

1) It is Light, strong and versatile.

2) It is Environment friendly.

3) Easily Accessible to the poor.

4) Self renewing resource of nature.

5) Speedily growing

6) Highly productive.

7) Low Cost Material

DISADVANTAGES OF BAMBOO

The major disadvantages of bamboo are as follows:

1) Requires preservation

2) Shaped by nature
3) Durability- bamboo is subjected to attack by fungi, insects; for this reason, untreated
bamboo structures are viewed as temporary with an expected life of not more than 5 years.
4) Jointing- although many jointing techniques exist, their structural efficiency is low.

5) Lack of design guidance and codes.

6) Prone to catch fire very fast by the friction among the culms during wind, and is seen to
cause forest fires

3.4 General Uses;

Bamboo Trusses:

The bamboo has strength comparable to that of teak and sal. An experiment with the
construction and testing of a 4m span truss made of round bamboo and different jointing
techniques for web-chord connections gave results that were matching with the strength of
timber.
Bamboo Roofs Skeleton:

It consists of bamboo truss or rafters over which solid bamboo purlins are laid and lashed to
the rafter by means of G.I.wire. A mesh of halved bamboo is made and is lashed to the purlins
to cover the roof.

Bamboo walling/ceiling:

As the bamboo material is light in weight it is beneficial for earthquake prone areas as its
chances of falling are very less due to flexibility and even if it falls it can be re-erected easily
with less human and property loss with least efforts and minimum cost.
Bamboo walls can be constructed in different ways like

• Whole stem halved or strips of bamboo can nailed to one or both the sides of the bamboo
frame.
• Split bamboo mats can be fastened to the bamboo posts or mats can be woven, mud can
also be applied to both sides of such mats.
• Bamboo strips nailed to bamboo frame or posts for interior walling.
Bamboo Doors and Windows:

Bamboo replace timber frames appropriate to function. mat shutters fixed to bamboo frame
bamboo board fixed to the frame which wall can be used as door. Small framed to the top in
the wall can serve as windows.

Bamboo Flooring:

Bamboo can be used material due to its better wear and tear resistance resilience properties.
Whole culms act and the floor covering is done using bamboo boardsmats etc by means of
wire to the frame.
Scaffolding:

Because of the favorable relationship between load-bearing capacity and weight, bamboo can
be used for the construction of save scaffoldings even for very tall buildings. Only lashed joints
are used. The cane extension is carried out by lashing thecane ends together with several ties.
The ties are arranged in such a way that forcesacting vertically downwards wedges the nodes in
the lashing. The vertical and horizontal canes used for scaffolding are almost exclusively joined
using soft lashing.
CHAPTER 4:
Conclusion

From the above literature review we come to know that, bamboo is a natural material,
ecofriendly, economical and flexible material. Bamboo must be used in the form of splint and
must be treated before using as reinforcement in concrete. As per study we can conclude that
bamboo can be used as reinforcement in concrete for low cost construction mostly required in
rural areas.
REFERENCES ;
[1] Ali Awaludina, Viki Andriania, "Bolted Bamboo Joints Reinforced with Fibers, 2 nd
International Conference on Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction
Materials 2014 (scescm 2014), Procedia Engineering 95 (2014) 15 - 21.
[2] Atul Agarwal, Bhardwaj Nanda, Damodar Maity, "Experimental Investigation on
Chemically Treated Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams and Columns", Construction and
Building materials 71 (2014) 610- 617, 26th September 2014.
[3] Bhavna Sharm a, Ana Gatoo, Maximilian Bock, Michael Ramage, "Engineered Bamboo for
Structural Applications", Construction and Building materials 81 (2015) 66-73, 23rd February
2015.
[4] Ghavami K. (1995), "Ultimate load behavior of bambooreinforced light weight concrete
beams cement and concrete composites", Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.17, pp.
281288.
[5] Farrelly, David (1984). The Book of Bamboo. Sierra Club Books.ISBN 087156825X