HEAT ENDURING CEMENT

GLASS MORTAR

GUIDED BY, SUBMITTED BY,

ANILA C GEORGE SARATH MS
CEB
ROLL NO:46
1
OVERVIEW
 MORTAR AND ITS PROPERTIES
 HEAT ENDURING CEMENT GLASS MORTAR
 INTRODUCTION
 ADVANTAGES OF CEMENT GLASS MORTAR
 PROPERTIES OF CEMENT GLASS MORTAR
 APPLICATIONS
 BENEFITS
 CASESTUDY
 CONCLUSIONS

2
MORTAR
 Mortar - workable paste used to bind building
blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete
masonry units together.
 Fill and seal the irregular gaps .
 Mixture-binding material,fine aggregates and
water in some proportion.

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MORTAR

FIG:Mortar

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PROPERTIES OF GOOD
MORTAR
 It should be capable of developing good adhesion with
the building units such as bricks, stones etc.
 It should be capable of resisting penetration of rain
water.
 It should be cheap.
 It should be durable
 It should be easily workable
 It should not affect the durability of materials with
which it comes into contact.
 It should set quickly so that speed in construction may
be achieved.

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HEAT ENDURING CEMENT
GLASS MORTAR
 MIXTURE- Cement, water and ground
glass/ground slag as a partial replacement to
aggregate.
 Ordinary mortar cannot be used at extreme
temperatures.
 Cement glass mortar acts as a heat barrier.

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INTRODUCTION
 Non-recyclable waste glass constitutes a problem
for solid waste disposal in many countries around
the world
 If waste materials were used instead of natural
materials in the construction industry there would
be three benefits:
1. conserving natural resources
2. disposing of waste materials
3. freeing up valuable land for other
uses.
 Glass is a common product that can be found in
different forms: bottles, jars, windows and
windshields, bulbs, cathode ray tubes, etc.
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INTRODUCTION(contd….)
 The current practice - landfill most of the non-
recyclable glass.
 The glass is not biodegradable so landfills do not
provide an environment-friendly solution
 Advanced composite material (ACM) -used to
retrofit or strengthen structural elements in many
countries.
 However, its resistance to fire and elevated
temperature is questionable, because of the low
melting point of the employed resins.
 Plastering with heat enduring mortar could provide
an efficient protection to ACM and to other
applications as well.

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INTRODUCTION(contd..)
 The finely ground glass have a dual effect on the
generated mortar
1. Strength enhancement
2. Resistance to elevated temperature.
 So an attempt was done to utilize ground waste
glass (GWG) and ground granulated blast furnace
slag (GGS) to improve properties of mortar.
 The two materials are pozzolanic in nature.
 Employed either individually or combined as a
partial replacement of the mixtures sand.
 The prepared mortar specimens were thermally
loaded with temperatures up to 800°C.
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ADVANTAGES OF CEMENT-GLASS
MORTAR

 It utilizes waste glasses as a partial

replacement of expensive materials.
 Reduces alkail –silica reaction
 It acts as a heat barrier.
 Higher compressive strength.
 Placeability

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PROPERTIES OF CEMENT-GLASS
MORTAR

 They are cheap .

 More Durable.
 Workable.
 Compressive strength is higher.
 Good resistance to penetration of rain water

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APPLICATIONS
1.Method of forming pavers containing waste glass
particles
 Mixing cement, water and sand to form a cement
composition
 Then mixing waste glass particles with the cement
composition to form a cement-glass particle composition.
 Thereafter the cement glass particle composition is
poured into a mould
 The composition is allowed to harden to form a molded
cement glass particle block

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APPLICATIONS(contd….)
 Next the cement glass particle block is
removed from the mould .
 Sliced by cutting the cement glass particle
block into a series of sections or component
parts
 Each section or component part forms a paver.

Figure .Making concrete with glass 13

APPLICATIONS(contd….)
2.Recycled glass as counter-tops
 Mixed with a resin base, concrete, or cement,
recycled glass countertops come in a variety of
colors, are durable and non-toxic.
 They are available in amazingly beautiful colors,
textures and designs and can also be stained to
coordinate with the desired kitchen design
 The glass used in these countertops is diverted from
being sent to landfills.
 Glass is one of the most sanitary materials, and can
be easily wiped clean with all-purpose cleaner or
soapy water.
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APPLICATIONS(contd…)

Figure :Recycled blue glass produces

beautiful countertops

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APPLICATIONS(contd…)
 Transparent cement-glass block:
 Glass can be added to the mix.
 That’s just one of the innovations.
 Designed to be 6 to 8 times more resistant to
abrasion, pollution and scratching than its
conventional form.
 Used for floor and wall applications.

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APPLICATIONS(contd…)

Figure . Transparent cement-glass block

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APPLICATIONS(contd….)
 Utility construction: Varying levels of glass
mixed with mortar is proposed for general
applications such as underground facilities and
trenches.
 4) Architectural applications including glass
bricks and paving blocks.

Figure .Architectural benefits of using glass-

cement mortar 18
Benefits of cement glass mortar:

1) Saving on landfill cost for recovered glasses in

mortar.
2) Saving on freight cost
3) Environmental benefits of replacing natural
aggregate resources with recycled material
4) Benefits to recyclers in rural communities i.e.
establishment of secondary markets.

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CASESTUDY
 The case study is based on the investigations of
H.E.I_Din H. Seleeem, A.A.F. Shaheen and
I.M.Metwally
 AIM- To evaluate the “recyclability” of
domestic ground waste glass as a replacement
for aggregates in mortar .
 The cement glass mortar has higher
compressive strength .
 The retained strength at elevated temperatures
was investigated.
 Promising results were obtained.
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EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
Materials
 The waste glass is obtained from fluorescent
lamps industry
 Grain size ranging from 200 micron m to 75
micron m.
 The granulated blast furnace slag is in the form
of fine grains.
 Fraction of slag passing 100micron m sieve is
used

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Chemical composition of the employed cement and
mineral admixtures

Oxide Flourescent Blast furnace Cement(%)

glass(%) slag(%)
SiO2 74 23.47 20.95
Al2O3 2.3 9.05 5.18
Fe2O3 0.1 3.82 3.57
CaO 6.2 52.59 62.4
MgO 3.11 5.39 1.14
Na2O 12.82 .52 .65
SO3 .01 1.78 1.92
L.O.I 1.03 1.41 2.57

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EXPERIMENTAL
PROGRAM(contd…)
 GWG in a powder form is an efficient way to
overcome the vulnerability of alkali-silica
reaction
 Increasing the fineness of GWG improves its
efficiency due to increase in pozzolanic activity

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EXPERIMENTAL
PROGRAM(contd…)
Features of Mixes
 All the mixtures are normally designed and no
attempt was made to produce high strength
mortar.
 The reason is to produce a moderate void ratio
 The voids facilitates the escape of built up pore
pressure during exposure to elevated
temperature.
 The cement content was kept constant in all
mixtures
 The ground glass and/or the ground slag were
employed as a partial replacement of sand 24
Experimental plan-Mixes proportions and types
of mineral admixtures and replacement ratio

Mix Proportions of mortar mixes Replacement ratio(%)

Cement Sand Water GWG GGS

Mc 1 2.75 .485 - -
M1 1 2.75 .485 20 -
M2 1 2.75 .485 40 -
M3 1 2.75 .485 60 -
M4 1 2.75 .485 80 -
M5 1 2.75 .485 100 -
M6 1 2.75 .485 - 20
M7 1 2.75 .485 20 20
M8 1 2.75 .485 40 20
M9 1 2.75 .485 60 20
M10 1 2.75 .485 80 20
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EXPERIMENTAL
PROGRAM(contd….)
 The richness of the mortar mixture should
facilitate plastering.
 The water - cement ratio and the sand - cement
ratio were maintained constant at 0.485 and
2.75, respectively
 The GWG was employed as a replacement of
sand by five ratios: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and
100%.
 The GGS was used as a replacement of 20% of
the sand weight in one mix
 The slag (GGS) and the glass (GWG) were
used as a sand replacement, the first one at a
constant ratio of 20%, while the second one
with four ratios of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. 26
METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

 Compressive strength at three different ages;

namely 7, 28, 90 days was tested
 The compressive strength at each age is the
average of testing three companion cubes with
50mm side length.
 The retained strength test after elevated
temperature exposure is the prime test

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METHODS OF
INVESTIGATION(contd..)
 Testing procedure
 For each of the mortar mixture, six sets of three
cubes with 50mm side length were cast.
 They were covered with a plastic sheet and left
in the lab environment for 24hours.
 The cubes were then removed from the moulds
and stored in water until testing.
 Three sets were dedicated for compressive
evaluation at ages of 7, 28, 90 days.
 The other three sets to evaluate the retained
strength after exposure to elevated
temperatures.
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METHODS OF
INVESTIGATION(contd..)

 Three temperatures were adopted- 2000C,

6000C, and 8000C.
 After water curing , the specimens were
prepared by drying them in oven at 1000C.
 The specimens were then exposed to the
elevated temperatures.
 After 3 hours of exposure to the elevated
temperature, specimens were allowed to cool
down for about 2 hours .

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METHODS OF
INVESTIGATION(contd..)
Mineralogical study:
 The X-ray Diffraction Technique (XRD) is
adopted
 to identify the different cementitious phases
formed after curing
 Also, the changes in the cementitious phases
after exposure to 8000C temperature are
thoroughly investigated.
 Crushed mortar cubes of each of the selected
mixes were finely ground and thoroughly
mixed
 They were ground to a very fine powder that
passes 75micron m sieve and was tested
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immediately after that.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Compressive Strength
 The compressive strengths of the mixtures
containing GWG show a limited enhancement
in strength at 7 days age.
 Their strengths were up to 9% higher than that
of the control mixture at 60% replacement ratio
 Beyond 60% replacement ratio their strengths
suffered reduction.
 At 28 days age, their strengths followed more
or less the same trend as at 7 days
 But at 90 days age the enhancements in
strength were recognized at all replacement
ratios. 31
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)

Figure : 7-day compressive strength of the

investigated mortar mixtures

32
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)

Figure : 28-day compressive strength of

investigated mortar mixtures

33
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)

Figure : 90-day compressive strength of

investigated mortar mixtures
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RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)
The
 mixtures containing GGS in addition to the GWG
showed an increase in their compressive strength
The increase is till replacement ratios of 60%, 80%, and
100% at 7 days, 28 days, and 90 days age.
The maximum recorded increases were 18%, 35%, and
40% at these testing ages corresponding to the mixture
M6 with 20% GGS.
The other replacement ratios, i.e. with 20% GGS and
different ratios of GWG exhibited satisfactory strength
enhancement although less than the mixture M6.

35
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)
Retained Compressive Strength after Thermal Loading
The behavior of the mortar specimens under different thermal

loads is investigated.
Heating to 2000C causes an increase in compressive strength

values of all mixtures
The mixture M6 containing 20% slag without WG has 28day

strength of 45.7 N/mm2
The recorded strength after heating to 2000C is marginally

increased to 47.7 N/mm2.
Heating the mortar specimens to higher temperatures is

normally associated with multiple chemical and physical
transformations

36
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)
 The most recognized causes of these
transformations include
 dehydration (decomposition) of the
cementitious compounds
 different expansion values of the constituents
(thermal mismatch)
 internal pore pressure.

37
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)
 The retained strength of the control mixture is
drastically reduced to 47.6% of the 28 day
compressive strength after heating to 6000C.
 On the other hand, the mixtures containing
WG were able to retain a considerable part of
their strengths ranged from 65% to 79%.

38
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)

Figure : Retained strength after 2000C heat

exposure

39
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)

Figure :Retained strength after 6000C heat

exposure

40
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)

Figure :Retained strength after 8000C heat

exposure

41
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)
 Further heating the mortar specimens to 8000C
would result in a more chemical and physical
transformations like
 decomposition of different forms of calcium
carbonate
 re-crystallization of new compounds
 more relative expansions between the mortar
constituents
 The control mixture retained about 20% of its
28 day strength
 The WG group of mixtures retainded about
21% to 45%, and that of mixtures containing
slag ranged from 26% to 60%. 42
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION(contd..)
 These results show that it is possible to
increase the retained by merely replacing the
mixture sand with waste glass.
 Further enhancement is achieved when 20%
ground slag is introduced.

43
CONCLUSIONS
 The aim of this study was to evaluate the
“recyclability” of domestic ground waste glass,
as a cement replacement for mortar and
concrete.
 By replacing the sand with GWG, the retained
strengths at temperatures of 2000C, 6000C, and
8000C were -132%, 79%, and 45% of the 28
day compressive strength of the control
mixture.
 The mixtures containing 20% GS in addition to
GWG were superior to the corresponding
mixtures containing only GWG in all aspects.
 Their compressive strengths at all ages were
the highest as well as their retained 44
compressive strengths after heating.
 CONCLUSIONS(contd..)

 The recorded values of retained strength were

up to 134%, 95%, and 60% of the 28day
strength at 2000C, 6000C, and 8000C,
respectively.
 Also the results present in this report show that
there is a great potential for the utilization of
waste glass in mortar as a partial replacement
for expensive materials.

45
REFERENCES
H.el_din
 H. Heleem, A.A.F Shaheen and I.M.Metwally: Advances in
Structural Engineering:Heat enduring cement-glass mortar ,vol. 11
No. 5 2008 journel of sciencedirect; revised form:12 August 2008;
Accepted:20 August 2008
Jihwan kim;Chongku Yi,Goangseup Zi: Constuction and Building

materials:Waste glass sludge as a partial replacement in mortar
,volume 75,page 242-246,30th January 2015
Bhandari. P.S1, Tajne. K.M2 : International journel of civil and

structural engineering:Use of waste glass in cement mortars, vol 3
,no 4,August 2013.
RenatOliveira;Jorge de Brito;Rosario Veiga:Journel of Cleaner

production:Reduction of the cement content in rendering mortars
with fine glass aggregates,vol 95,pages 75-88,15th may 2015

46
REFERENCES(contd..)
A.Khmiri,MChaabouni,B.Samet:ConstructionandB

uilding Materials;Chemical Behaviour of Ground
waste glass when used as a partial replacements in
mortars,vol 44,page 74-80,July 2013.
Tung Chai Ling,Chi Sun Poon,Shi Cong

Kou:Cement and Concrete Composites;Feasibility
of using recycled glass in Architectural Cement,vol
33,pages 848-854,September 2011.
Google.co.in/making concrete with glass

Wikipedia.com/cement-glass mixtures


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THANK YOU

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