Criteria 1. Theoracy ( One of the oldest ) 1.

Social Contract Theory ( One of the most typical )

WHEN? Since the birth of some first states such as China, India, Egypt, • First appeared in ancient Greek society, 3rd- 4th
(state/law exist ?) Mesopotamia... centuries (BC).
• Developed dramatically in Europe, 17th -18th centuries.

WHO? • The Kings make the laws by order of The Gods. •  Ph.Epicure ( 341 - 270 BC) was an ancient Greek
(makes the laws) • Social order must be established according to the Kings' atheist and materialist philosopher, also the first
will because it is also the will of The Gods. advocate of social contract theory.
= The King is the representative, or embodiment of the • In the pre-modern period, social contract theory had
Gods. The Gods above all. an outstanding representative, Russo (Jean - Jacques
Rousseau; 1712 - 1788) - a prominent writer and
philosopher, a typical theorist of the French
Revolution of 1789
WHY? • To reinforce the absolute power of The Gods and The •  According to Russo, the social contract is something
(state/law exist) Kings. for people to join together to form a society, not losing
• To make people they believe that they must obey the their natural rights but maintaining their freedom.
order of The Kings.
WHAT?  All things in the world are created by The Gods •  The Constitution is the most basic contract, also the
(state/law is…)   State power is supernatural, immutable, limitless, eternal foundation for all other community agreements.
(essence is…) because state is the product of The Gods. • Through the Constitution, people officially trade some
 Obedience is obvious( everyone must obey the Kings) parts of their freedom into some rulers, in oder to get
the protection of society, represented by law
• Everyone can be the ruler as long as he has the
support of a majority of members.