Political Science

Political Philosopher

Aristotle
(384 BC- 322 BC)

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Sami Ullah Khan Babar
 Outline
Introduction

Key Characteristics of his Philosophy

Theory of Citizenship & Political Naturalism

Forms of Government

Best Form of Government

Criticism
Government
Aristotle criticism on Plato
Designed By: Irtaza Syed
Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
Introduction

o One of the most prominent philosopher

o Born in 427 BC in Athens
o Died in 347 BC
o Laid the foundation of “Academy”
o Impacts of two events on his philosophy
(Peloponnesian War and Death of Socrates)
o Taught Aristotle for 17 Years.

Designed By: Irtaza Syed

Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
Concept of Justice
“Justice is the virtue of individual and that of the state” (Plato)

Justice When one does Which suits him

Receives his
share from Based on his
collective input
system

Designed By: Irtaza Syed

Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
Basic assumption for Justice
“Justice is the virtue of individual and that of the state” (Plato)
Assumption for Justice

Tripartite Division of Soul

Man by Nature are interdependent for their

needs

Essence of every person leads to fulfillment of

his abilities

Rule of reason

Designed By: Irtaza Syed

Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
 “Like Man, Like State”
Plato’s Ideal State (Plato)

• Knowledge
• Thought
Philosopher • Reason & Intellect
King Knowledge
• Emotion
• Spirit
• Courage
Warrior
Emotion
• Appetite
Desire
• Instinct
• Impulse
Worker /
Artisan

Designed By: Irtaza Syed

Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
 Philosopher King “Rule of Reason”
(Plato)

o Philosopher will study for more than 50 years

o No hereditary running of the kings
o Equality of opportunity to all
o Guidance towards prosperity and peace
o No need of Gold and Silver as they will have
knowledge

Designed By: Irtaza Syed

Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
Protector / Warrior Class “Courage, Spirit, Ambition”
(Plato)

o Protect state from internal and external threats

o Live together in barracks
o No private property
o Will come through a rigorous education

“Essence of every person leads to fulfillment of his abilities”

(Plato)
Designed By: Irtaza Syed
Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
Artisans / Working Class “Desire, Appetite, Instinct &
Impulse” (Plato)

o Economic producers of the whole society

o Submit specific quota of production to state
welfare and receives guidance & protection
o Lenient communism
o Artisan are filtered out through education
system

Designed By: Irtaza Syed

Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
 “ignorance is the root and stem
Plato Education System of every evil” (Plato)

Age Institute Fields

1. Elementary Education
Up to 07 years Parents Bravery and patriotism
7-18 years State Gymnastic, music and art
18-20 years State Military Training
Pass Test Fail Producer class
2. Higher Education
20-30 years State Mathematics and Astronomy
Pass Test Fail Warrior class

30-35 Years State Dialects and Philosophy

Pass Test Fail Warrior class

35-50 Years State Practical Training under watch

Pass Test Fail Warrior class

50+ years State
Designed By: Irtaza Syed
Finally selected as Rulers
Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
 Plato Communism

Communism in Artisan
“Specialized
o Lenient form of communism
o Provide for whole society person for
o Limited property rights
specialized
o Equality of opportunity to their children
o Different from Marxian class struggles jobs”

Designed By: Irtaza Syed

Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
Plato Communism (contd.)

Communism in Guardians

o Strict communism
o Abolition of private property
o Small pay to fulfill needs
o Communism in wives
o Specialization in mating
o Equality of opportunity in children's
o Eat & sleep together in barracks
Designed By: Irtaza Syed
Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
 Criticism

o Utopian state
o Self contradictory and half communism
o Functional specialization
o Impracticable system of education
o Invalid concept of justice
o Derailment of Human nature and society
o Propagator of monarchical form of government
o Endorse slavery

Designed By: Irtaza Syed

Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar
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Designed By: Irtaza Syed

Presented By: Sami Ullah Khan Babar