The problem of ocean

pollution
Prepared
Student of LE-91 group
Bublyk Maria
The state of the world's oceans is very alarming today.
It is polluted mainly by rivers, which annually receive
more than 320 million tons of iron salts, 6 million
tons of phosphorus and others.
A lot of pollution enters the oceans and the
atmosphere: 200 thousand tons of lead, 1 million tons
of hydrocarbons, 5 thousand tons of mercury and
more. The third part of the mineral fertilizers applied
to the soil are washed out of it by rainwater and
carried away by rivers into the seas and oceans; only
nitrogen and phosphorus in this way enters the oceans
about 62 million tons per year.
Types of pollution

• Physical - insoluble impurities: clay, sand, silt,

dust;
• Chemical - heavy metals, acids, alkalis, mineral
salts, oil and petroleum products, synthetic
surfactants, etc;
• Biological - various microorganisms, helminth
eggs, fungal spores;
• Radioactive - radionuclides (cesium-137,
strontium-90, potassium-40);
• Thermal - heated waters of thermal power plants
and nuclear power plants.
Atmospheric pollution
• Atmospheric pollution is a consequence of atmosphere pollution itself, from where biogenic compounds and
synthetic organic components enter the world's oceans. The appearance of a significant amount of organic
matter leads to the "blooming" of water and the emergence of "red tides" in different parts of the ocean.
Oil pollution

Pollution of the world's oceans by oil and petroleum products is one of the
global environmental problems.
Sources of ocean pollution by oil are quite diverse: inflows from continents with
runoff, inflows from the atmosphere, natural leakage from the subsoil, drilling
on the shelf, emissions from ships into the sea, shipwrecks.
In the last 30 years, more than 2,000 wells have been drilled in the world's
oceans since 1964. Large masses of oil enter the ocean through rivers with
sanitary wastewater and stormwater.
Thermal pollution
Thermal pollution is caused by the discharge of
warm water from various power plants.
The inflow of heated water into rivers and lakes
significantly changes their thermal and
biological regimes. The largest thermal
pollutants are thermal power plants and nuclear
power plants.
Radioactive contamination

A large number of radioactive isotopes enter the ocean as a result of tests of

nuclear weapons, the activity of nuclear reactors on military submarines, the
dumping of containers with waste from nuclear power plants, and others.
During the Chernobyl accident, radioactivity equal to 30 accidents at the
Chernobyl nuclear power plant accumulated in the oceans.
From 1964 to 1986, various Soviet organizations dumped 11,000 containers of
radioactive "garbage" into the waters of the Arctic Ocean.
Littering of the seas and coastal areas is a major source of pollution.
Approximately 6.8 million metal, 0.6 million paper, plastic and glass items are
dumped into the world's oceans every day.
The World Economic Forum said that
according to estimates, plastic waste will
exceed the number of fish in the sea by
2050.
Pollution can cause significant changes,
which are vital for climate and weather
on the planet. Symptoms of such changes
are already observed today.
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!