Contribution of Social Reform Movements in India

1.Brahma Samaj
This movement was started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy who founded two organisations: Atmya Sabha (1815) and Brahma Sabha (1828) which
became the source of this movement.
 contt.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy struggled hard :
• To remove Social and religious superstitions,
social inequality and illiteracy
• It was tried to improve the position of women
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy made efforts to stop Sati
Pratha. Sati was the inhuman practice of self-
immolation of widows on the pyre of their
dead husbands. Often unwilling women were
dragged by fanatics and killed by burning.
 2. Arya Samaj

Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement in India

that founded by Swami Dayananda in1875 at
Bombay. He was a Sanyasin (Renouncer) Who
believed in the authority of vedas. Dayanand
stated that he wanted ‘to make the whole world
Aryan, i.e. he wanted to develop missionary
Hinduism based on the universality of the Vedas.
Swami Dayananda
 3. Ramakrishna Mission

It is an Indian religious organization which forms

the core of a wide spiritual known as the
Ramakrishna Movement or Vedanta Movement.
The mission is named after and inspired by the
Indian saint Ramakrishna Paramahansa and
founded by Ramakrishna's chief disciple Swami
Vivekananda on 1 May 1897. The aims and ideals
of Mission are purely spiritual and humanitarian
and has no connection with Politics. The mission
bases its work on the principles of Karma Yoga .
Ramakrishna Paramahansa
 Quiz
1. Ramakrishna Paramahamsa gave knowledge
of the power of God from his experience to
whom?
 Disciple Parmanand
 Disciple Saraswati
 Disciple Vivekananda
 Disciple Parshuram
 Quiz
2. Which is the founder of the Hindu
religion?
•  Sri Ramakrishna 
• Raja Rammohan Roy 
• Vivekananda 
• Dayanand
 6. Chipko Movement
The Chipko Movement is an example of the
ecological movement, in the Himalayan foothill.
The Chipko movement or Chipko Andolan, was a
forest conservation movement in India. It began in
1970s in Uttarakhand, then a part of Uttar Pradesh
(at the foothills of Himalayas) and went on to
become a rallying point for many future
environmental movements all over the world.
Chipko Movement
 7. Dalit Movement

The Dalit Buddhist movement is a religious as well

as a socio-political movement among Dalits in
India which was started by B. R. Ambedkar. It
radically re-interpreted Buddhism and created a
new school of Buddhism called Navayana. The
movement has sought to be a socially and
politically engaged form of Buddhism. The word
‘Dalit’ is commonly used in Marathi, Hindi, Gujrati
and many other Indian language, meaning the
poor and oppressed persons.
 Quiz
1.  Who is the Chairman of National
Commission for Scheduled Tribes at
present?
• (a) Rameshwar Oraav
• (b) Girija Vyas
• (c) Nand Kumar Sai
• (d) Neeraja Kumar
 8. Backward Class Caste Movement

The term Backward Classes, has been in use in

different parts of the country since the late 19th
century. It began to be used more widely in Madras
Presidency since 1872, in the Princely state of
Mysore since 1918, and in Bombay Presidency
since 1925. From the 1920s, a number of
organization united around the issue of caste
sprang up in different parts of the country. In
1954, 88 organizations were counted working for
the backward classes.
 9. Tribal Movements

Different tribal groups spread across the country

may share common issues. But the distinctions
between them are equally significant. Many of the
tribal movements have been largely located in the
so called ‘tribal belt’ in middle India, such, as the
Santhals, Hos, Oraons Mundas in Chotta Nagpur
and Santhal Parganas. The region constitutes the
main part of what has come to be called
Jharkhand.
 Quiz
1. How many tribes are there in India?
a) 645
b) 565
c) 345
d) None of these
2. Which state has the largest population of
Santhals?
a) Jharkhand
b) Arunachal Pradesh
c) Rajsathan.
d) None of these