GEOLOGICAL HAZARD

GEOLOGICAL HAZARD
AND THEIR CAUSES
 RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

• Landslide is a massive outward and

downward movement of slope
forming materials.
• Landslide occur when the slope
changes from a stable to an unstable
condition.
• A change in the stability of a slope
can be caused by a number of
factors, acting together alone.
 NATURAL CAUSES OF LANDSLIDE

• Groundwater (pore water) pressure acting to destabilize the slope

• Loss or absence of vertical vegetative structure, soil nutrients, and soil structure
(e.g. after wildfire)
• Erosion of the toe of a slope by rivers or ocean waves
• Earthquakes adding loads to barely stable slope
• Earthquake-caused liquefaction destabilizing slope
• Volcanic eruptions
 EFFECTS OF LANDSLIDE

• Property Damage
• Injury and Death
• Variety of Resources
• Loss of Property Value
• Disruption of transportation routes
• Water availability
 SINKHOLES

• Sinkholes are common where the rock below

the land surface is limestone, carbonate rock,
salt beds, or rock that can be dissolved by
groundwater circulating through them
• If there is not enough support for the land
above the spaces then a sudden collapse of the
land surface can occur.
• It can be small or huge and can occur where a
house or road is on top.
TYPES OF SINKHOLES
DISSOLUTION SINKHOLES

Dissolution of the limestone or dolomite is

most intensive where the water first contacts
the rock surface.
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COVER-SUBSIDENCE
SINKHOLES

Cover-subsidence sinkholes tend to

develop gradually where the covering
sediments and contain sand. In areas
where cover material is thicker or
sediments contain more clay, relatively
uncommon, smaller and may go
undetected for long periods.
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COVER-COLLAPSE
SINKHOLES

This sinkhole may develop abruptly

(over a period of hours) and can cause
catastrophic damages. This occur when
the covering sediments contain a
significant amount of clay. Overtime,
surface drainage, erosion and
deposition of sinkhole develop into a
shallower bowl-shaped depression.
 SIGNS OF IMPENDING GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS

A. Landslide
>Tension cracks
>Things moving
>Water doing something different
B. Sinkholes
• Trees or fence posts that fall
• Cracks in the ground
• Wilted vegetation in a limited area
• Well water that is discolored or contaminated with debris
• Earthy odor in home after run
• Presence of odd bugs like slugs and centipedes in home