I NTROD U C TI ON

WHAT IS ?
AUXILIARY SCIENCES OF HISTORY
• Archaeology
 the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material
culture
• Genealogy
  the study of family relationships
• Numismatics
 the study of coins
• Palaeography
 the study of old handwriting
• Vexillology
 the study of flags
AUXILIARY SCIENCES OF HISTORY

B.

A. C.

D.
E.
 HISTORICAL ERAS
• Prehistory
• Ancient History (3600 BC - AD 476)
BC  Before Christ
• Middle Ages (476 –1500)
= i.e. / Kr. E. e.g. 400 BC
• Modern History AD  Anno Domini
= i.sz. / Kr. U. e.g. AD 298
 Early Modern (1500-1750/1789)
 Late Modern (1750/1789 – 1945)
 Contemporary Age (1945 – )
A. B. C.

D. E. F.
CENTURIES
17th century = 1601-1700

BC AD

3rd century 300-201 201-300

5th century

12th century

18th century
SOURCES OF HISTORY

• written documents
• oral history
• primary sources
• secondary sources
SOURCES OF HISTORY
P R IM A RY S E C O N D A RY
• created by a witness to an event
• analyze a scholarly question and often use
• firsthand testimony or evidence created during primary sources as evidence
that certain time period 
• include
• include
 artefacts
 books and articles about a topic
 diaries  lists of sources  bibliographies
 letters  maps
 interviews  charts, diagrams, figures
 photographs
 newspaper articles
 government documents
 poems, novels
 plays, and music
STUDY QUESTIONS

1. Introduce the auxiliary sciences of history.

2. Provide a synonym for „era”.
3. Put the historical eras into the correct order: a.Middle Ages, b. Contemporary Age, c. Ancient
History, d. Late Modern, e. Prehistory, f. Early Modern
4. Provide the starting and final year of the 19th century.
5. What’s the difference between a primary and a secondary source? Name some examples.