Psikologi Sukan

SPKK Tahap 1
Tajuk:
1. Motivasi
2. Konsep Kendiri
Sport Psychology

SPKK Level 1
Topic:
Motivation
 DEFINITION
Sport Psychology is the study of thoughts
(attitudes), feelings (emotions), and
reactions (actions) of athletes in a
competitive setting.
Performance = Psychological readiness

+ Physical preparation
+ Technical skill
+ Tactical awareness
 MOTIVATION
OBJECTIVES
1. Define motivation and its components,
2. Differentiate between extrinsic and intrinsic
motivation,
3. Know how to use direct and indirect
methods of motivation,
4. Identify other methods of motivating the
athletes.
CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION
Motivation can be defined simply as the
direction and intensity of one’s effort
(Sage, 1977).
Motivation is to start, to energise and
maintain a behaviour
 CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION
1.1 Direction of Effort
1.2 Intensity of Effort
1.3 The Relationship between Direction
and Intensity

“The burning question is how badly do you

want to succeed?”
Geoff Boycott.
 Quotation

IF I BELIEVE I CAN DO OR BE
SOMETHING / SOMEBODY,
CHANCES ARE I WILL.

IF I DON’T, I WON’T,
IT IS AS SIMPLE AND
AS IMPORTANT AS THAT
Quotation
Most people give up just
when they’re about to
achieve success. They
quit on the one yard line.
They give up at last
minute of the game, one
foot from a winning
touchdown.
SOURCES OF MOTIVATION
Intrinsic Motivation
Athletes who are intrinsically motivated
have an inner striving to be competent
and self-determining, to master the task,
and to be successful.
SOURCES OF MOTIVATION
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation that comes from other
sources through positive and
negative reinforcement.
Tangible: trophies, medals or money
Intangible: praise, public recognition and
punishment.
Key Components for Success
1. Desire
2. Discipline
3. Determination

S - Strive
U - Unique
C - Courage
C - Change
E - Efficient
S - Strength
S - Survival
 TYPES OF MOTIVATION
Direct methods of motivation
Identification
Compliance
Internalization
Indirect methods of motivation
Change the physical situation
Change the psychological situation
 Quotation
YOUR STATE OF MIND DIRECTLY
AFFECTS HOW YOU PERFORM.
YOUR BODY RESPONDS TO YOUR
THOUGHTS. IF YOU ARE AIMING FOR
PEAK PERFORMANCES YOU WANT
TO BE IN A STATE OF READINESS :
PSYCHOLOGICALLY AND PHYSICALLY
Hemery (1990)
 METHODS OF MOTIVATING
ATHLETES
Athletes’ needs and motives
Understand athletes’ needs
3 prominent motives
To play for fun (sensation)
To be with other people (affiliation)
To demonstrate competence in order to feel
worthy (achievement)
Use extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
 Food for Thought
If an athlete is coached with criticism, she learns to condemn
If an athlete is coached with hostility, he learns to fight
If an athlete is coached with ridicule, she learns to hate
If an athlete is coached with shame, he learns to feel guilty
If an athlete is coached with tolerance, she learns to be patient
If an athlete is coached with fairness, he learns justice
If an athlete is coached with consistency, she learns to trust
If an athlete is coached with respect, he learns to respect himself
If an athlete is coached with encouragement, she learns to be confident
If an athlete is coached with praise, he learns to appreciate

How do you coach your athletes?

 DISCUSSION
1. Discuss direct and indirect methods of
motivation by sharing specific examples
related to you as a coach.
2. Discuss the following with specific
situations in your sport:
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Athletes’ needs and motivation
Sport Psychology

SPKK Level 1
Topic:
Self-concept
 INTRODUCTION
Athletes with a positive self-concept will
have a positive self-image, self belief and
high self-esteem.
They feel good about themselves, self-
worthy, and confident.
 OBJECTIVES
Identify the components of self-concept
in sport
Explain the self-image cycle specifically
how self-image affects our attitudes,
expectations, behaviours, and
performance in all areas of our lives
Detail some strategies to help athletes
enhance their positive self-image
 DEFINITION
Self-concept is defined as a person’s self-
perception, which is formed through experiences
with, and through interpretations of his or her
environment.
These perceptions are influenced by the
evaluation of significant others, reinforcements,
and the way people interpret their own
behaviours to themselves (i.e. their
attributions or reasons for their
behaviours).
Conceptualization of Self
Influences of a Positive Self-Concept
Motivation i.e. drive to pursue goals.
Learning i.e. acquisition of new knowledge or
skills.
Athletic performance i.e. achieve personal best.
Personal relationship i.e. liking for others and
acceptance by others.
Life satisfaction i.e. how a person feels satisfied
with personal accomplishment.
Performance in other areas i.e. his/her own
individual areas and pursuing life goals
Acquiring Positive Self-Concept
Show Acceptance
Offer Specific Praise
Give Personal Attention
Emphasize Self Responsibility
 SELF-IMAGE
Self-image affects our attitudes,
expectations, behaviors, and
performances in all areas of our lives
The Success Cycle
The Failure Cycle
 Reprogramme for Success
CRAFT PROCESS
1. Cancel – memories of your old, negative beliefs.
2. Replace – them with new, positive beliefs.
3. Affirm – your new concept of yourself.
4. Focus – on specific images of success.
5. Train – yourself to accept your new beliefs.
Positive Self-Image Athletes
Athletes with positive self-image have
positive feelings about themselves, about
their capabilities and clear about the
roles that they play.
It is important that athletes develop a
more positive self-image for this leads to
greater self-confidence. A self-confident
athlete is sure of himself,
his ability, and less prone
to worry.
 SELF-ESTEEM
Self-esteem is defined as the evaluation of
self with respect to an ideal vision of self
along a dimension (characteristics) used
to describe self.
Athletes who feel good about themselves
are said to have a high self-esteem.
They recognize their own strengths and
weaknesses and accept their
selves for what they are.
Factors that Influence Self-esteem
in Sports
Self-image
Relationships
Social environments
The media
Personal achievements
Improving Self-esteem in Sport
Increase self-knowledge
Be more self-accepting
Set goals
SELF-BELIEF /
SELF-CONFIDENCE
Self-belief can be regarded synonymously
with confidence. Sport psychologists
define self-confidence as the belief that
you can successfully perform a desired
behavior.

“I always know I would do it one day. I always believed”

Mike Powell, after breaking the world long jump record.
 SELF-VULNERABILITY
Self-vulnerability is the perception of
change in self, occurring under stressful
circumstances

“When the going gets tough,

the tough gets going”
 DISCUSSION
1. Discuss the 4 ways a coach could use to
facilitate positive self-concept of players.
2. Describe the characteristics of athletes
with positive self-image.
 Food for Thought
“An estimation of my own ability is far more
important than that of any selector”
Stuart Barnes

“Of all the judgments that we pass in life, none is

as important as the one we pass on ourselves, for
that judgment touches the very centre of our
existence. How we relate to ourselves affects how
we relate to others, and to the world around us”
Nathaniel Branden