Carbon Credit

13 Desember 2021

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 History

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 Kyoto Protocol

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

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 Carbon Credit

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 Carbon Trading

CARBON TRADING

CARBON CAP-TRADE PROGRAM CARBON OFFSETING

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 How does Carbon Credit Work?

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 Cap & Trade Mechanism

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 Mechanism

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 Who is Buying?

(European Union Emission Trading System)

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 Country wise distribution

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 Who is Selling?

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 The Countries

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 Pros and Cons

Benefit
• Reduction in green house gas emission
• Source of revenue for developing countries
• Support a free market system
• Impetus for alternative sources of energy or green technology

Disadvantage
• Right to pollute
Industries in the ratified nations are purchasing legal rights to pollute the
atmosphere
• Slow process
Industries are opting the easiest way-purchase more allowance than
implementing greener technologies
• Lack of centralized system or global framework
Absence of centralized and accepted global standards/act are missing
• No effective carbon reduction in the atmosphere
Leads to carbon reduction in one place and results in carbon emission in some
other place
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 Carbon Trading Potential in Indonesia

With the existence of tropical forests that are quite extensive in

Indonesia, this country should be able to extract the potential of carbon
trading

The ability of forests to absorb carbon per hectare

varies. If the forest is still natural, the absorption will be
better than the artificial forest. If taken the average
carbon sequestration is around 150 tons of carbon per
hectare.

Assuming a carbon price of $30 per ton,

1 Ha forest can earn $4500

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 Katingan Mentaya Project 

Peatland conservation located in Central Kalimantan, between the Katingan and Mentaya rivers
The Katingan Mentaya Project has been verified against the Verified Carbon Standard and the
Climate, Community and Biodiversity standards in 2016

Each verified carbon unit (VCU) purchased protects a specific endangered forest and prevents a ton
of CO2 from entering the earth's atmosphere. As the largest such project in the world, Katingan
Mentaya produces almost 7.5 million VCUs per year. Because of your purchase, forests are left
standing to do what they do best — store carbon, produce oxygen, provide habitat for threatened
and endemic species, and support the sustainable development of local community initiatives.  
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 PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE)

PGE saat ini mengelola 15 Wilayah Kerja dengan total

kapasitas terpasang panas bumi dalam Wilayah Kerjanya
sebesar 1.877 MW (termasuk Joint Operation Contract - JOC),
dan terdapat potensi pengurangan emisi karbon sebesar 9,7
juta ton CO2e/tahun. Beberapa dari potensi pengurangan
emisi tersebut sudah masuk dalam  mekanisme Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM) di United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Untuk pengelolaan CDM-GS dilakukan bersama SouthPole
Carbon Assets Management, Ltd. (SPCAM). Selain itu, ada
juga proyek carbon credit berjenis Verified Carbon Standard
(VCS) untuk Lahendong Unit 5&6. Proyek ini awalnya adalah
proyek CDM yang kemudian diubah menjadi VCS karena
potensi harga jual carbon credit-nya menjadi lebih tinggi yang
saat ini dalam tahap persiapan verifikasi dan penjualan.

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 Peraturan Presiden

Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 98 Tahun 2021

Tentang Penyelenggaraan Nilai Ekonomi Karbon

5 mekanisme perdagangan karbon yang diatur:

• Perdagangan antara dua pelaku usaha melalui skema cap and trade
• pengimbangan emisi melalui skema carbon off-set,
• pembayaran berbasis kinerja (result based payment),
• pungutan atas karbon,
• kombinasi dari skema yang ada.

Baseline emisi karbon di 2030 sebesar 2.869 ton karbon dioksida atau CO2. Standar
bawahnya, yaitu pengurangan emisi sebesar 29% atau 834 juta ton karbon dioksida
dengan upaya sendiri. Sedangkan standar atasnya adalah 41% atau 1.185 juta ton
emisi karbon dengan kerja sama internasional.

Ada enam senyawa yang dimaksud dalam emisi GRK (Dalam pasal 10 ayat 7).
• karbon dioksida (CO2),
• metana (CH4),
• dinitro oksida (N20),
• hidrofluorokarbon (HFCS),
• perfluorokarbon (PFCs), dan
• sulfur heksafluorida (SF6)

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