Ion-exchange resin:

“Can be define as insoluble matrix that contains highly

organized pores on the surface of matrix with ionize able
gaps, that enables to entrap and release ion”
Or
“Polymeric network that contains ionize able groups
which are able to exchange similar ions from surrounding
environment”
 The ion exchange resin system can be
designed by binding drug to the resin. After
the formation of a drug/resin complex, a drug
can be released by an ion exchange reaction
with the presence of counter ions. In this type
of delivery system, the nature of the ionizable
groups attached determines the chemical
behavior of an ion exchange resin

Advantages
Highly organized pores
Highly organized
ionizable gaps
Ability of matrix to
exchange ion (cations-----
acidic drug) and (anion----
basic drug)
Uses:-
Pharmaceutical uses:-
Use in conventional dosage
form
Use as excipient ( as
disintegrante, to mask the bitter
taste, and Inc.solubility of drug
by the attachment of salt)
Use in CR dosage form
Use as an API (sod.
Polystyrene given in
hyperkalemia, cholistipol and
cholestyramine decrease the
level of cholesterol).
 Drug suitable foe IER :
The drug subjected to IER
Non- technique should have ionizable
groups
pharmaceutical Those drug having half-life 2—6 hr.
uses:- are suitable for IER
Those drugs having uniform
For water purification
Manufacturing of sugar absorption throughout the GIT and
Use as a catalyst having not a specific abs.window
DEVELOPMENT OF IER (ION-EXCHANGE RESIN):

The development of IER consists on following

steps:
1. Purification of IER
2. Drug loading
3. Further purification + drying
 a. Purification of IER:
 Wash with distilled water and dry it (ions in
common use are: Cl, H, Br, Na etc.)
 b. Drug loading: drug can be loaded by following
methods:
 column method
 beaker/ batch method
 Beaker/ batch method:
Column method:
( drug soln + purified IER ) is
first
first we
we pack
pack resin
resin in
in aa column
column then
then added, then agitate it for a specific
add drug in soln. form, a column is period
period of
of time
time to
to load
load aa drug
drug in
in to
to
formed, without agitation. resin.
MECHANISM OF DRUG LOADING:

 As resin containing both anions and cations,

similarly drug also contains both ions.if anion
moves from drug to resin then equal quantity of
anion move from resin to drug and vice versa for
cationic groups.
  
 Further purification and drying : drug is washed
out at last stage of a procedure to remove ions
present on surface of dosage form ( with distilled
water) and then dried at the end.
Factor affecting in drug release from IER:
 Particle size:

 beads can also be formed by IER method, small particle size

increase surface area available for dissolution and absorption.

 Porosity and swelling of IER:

 if small pore size then drug has to face a difficulty in release

and vice versa so pore size should be optimum.

 Cross-linking of IER :

 IER often have polymeric chains if resin has long polymeric

chin then water up-take and drug release will be minimum,

drug release and water up take capacity will be increased in
case of a resin, containing short polymeric chains
 Capacity of IER:
 Movement of ion will be more if drug has increase no.
of ionize groups
 Movement of ions, uptake of water, dissolution, and
drug release. These all parameters will be decrease in
case of decrease no of ionize groups
 Nature of drug:
 under this heading we study about the affinity between
API/drug with IER if inc. affinity b/w drug and
IER( water up take tends to decrease resulting min.
release of drug) vice versa in case when there is
decrease affinity b/w drug and resin.
 Pka of ionize able group:
 Pka (ph at which 50% of drug is in ionized form,
while 50% is in unionized form)
 Pka range for anion: 7-13
 Pka range for cation: 1-7
 Conc. Of electrolyte in a medium:
 ion exchange will be max when inc. no of
electrolyte in medium vice versa in case of
decrease no. of electrolyte (for in vivo testing,
study the response of drug release in simulated
gastric and intestinal fluid.)
 Drawbacks:
 electrolyte imbalance or difference that varies
from patient to patient
 ionizable group may differ from dosage form to
dosage form.