Extraction of catteine in tea

leaves

Prepared by
Niaz tahsin omar
Sara noman hasso
Babat shakhawan karimxan
Ala rizgar Ibrahim
Rezhin farij shamsadin
Abdulsamad hakim omar
Nihayat asaad mohamad

Supervised by, sir.shvan

Introduction
 Caffeine is a member of the class of compounds organic chemists call alkaloids. Alkaloids
are nitrogen- containing basic compounds that are found in plants. They usually taste bitter
and often are physiologically active in humans. The names of some of these compounds
are familiar to you even if the structures aren’t: nicotine, morphine, strychnine, and
cocaine. The role or roles these compounds play in the life of the plants in which they are
found is not well understood. In some cases they may act as pesticides; nicotine is found in
tobacco and has been sprayed onto other plants, in which it is not found, to function as an
insecticide. The structure of caffeine is shown to the right. It can be considered to be
constructed from the purine ring system, which is important biologically, being found in
nucleic acids and elsewhere.Caffeine is found in a number of things ingested by people.
The table to the right lists some of them. Caffeine acts as a stimulant. It stimulates the
heart, respiration, the central nervous system, and is a diuretic. Its use can cause
nervousness, insomnia and headaches. It is physically addictive.
1.1. Properties of
Caffeine
 Systematic name:1,3,7-
trimethyl-1H-purine-
2,6(3H,7H)-Dione
 Other name: 1,3,7-
trimethylxanthine & 1,3,7-
trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine
 Molecular formula:
C8H10N4O2
 Molecular mass: 194.19
g/mole
 Melting point: 238°C
 Solubility in water: slightly
soluble
Procedure
 1. Open two tea bags by removing the staple, trying to not tear the paper. Weigh the total contents to the nearest
milligram and record this weight. Place the tea back into the bags and staple the bags shut.
 2. Place the tea bags into the bottom of a clean, but not necessarily dry, 150 ml beaker. Add 30 ml of deionized
water and 2.0 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate. Place the beaker on a wire gauze supported by a ring on a ring
stand. Place a watch glass on top of the beaker. Gently boil the contents of the beaker for 10 minutes using a
micro burner. If the tea bags rise out of the liquid push them down from time to time using a glass stirring rod
 .3. Decant the hot liquid into a 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Add 20 ml of deionized water to the beaker and again
bring the contents to a boil. Again decant the liquid in the beaker into the 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Press the tea
bags with a clean cork to express as much liquid as possible without breaking the bag and transfer this liquid to
the 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask also. Cool the tea extract to room temperature. Discard the tea bags
 .4. Transfer the tea extract from the 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask to a 125 ml separatory funnel that is supported by a
ring on a ring stand.[Your instructor will have shown you how to use a separatory funnel.
 5. Add 5 milliliters of dichloromethane tothe separatory funnel. Stopper the funneland grab the neck of the funnel
with onehand, holding the stopper into the neck ofthe funnel. With your other hand grasp thestopcock in such a
way that you can turnthe plug in the barrel to open and close thestopcock. Whileholdingthestoppertightlyinto the
neck of the funnel, invert the funnelso the liquid no longer is in contact withthe stopcock. Pointing the stem of
thefunnel away from everybody, open thestopcock to release any pressure that mayhave built up inside the funnel.
Close thestopcock and agitate the material in thefunnel without shaking it vigorously – youwant the contents to
mix, but you do notwant to generate an emulsion. Point thestem of the funnel upward, and makingsure no liquid
is in contact with thestopcock open it to again relieve anypressure build-up. Close the stopcock.Agitate again as
before and reclamp the separatory funnel to the ring stand.
 6. Allow the contents of the separatory funnel to settle. There should be two distinct mostly clear layers. If there is an
emulsion (cloudy) layer between two clear layers it is sometimes possible to break the emulsion by swirling the contents of
the funnel or stirring the contents using a glass rod. If the emulsion persists seek your instructors help
 .7. Carefully drain the lower (dichloromethane) layer into a 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Try to not include any of the aqueous
(upper) layer. If there is a lot of emulsion, include it in the Erlenmeyer flask
 .8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 using a second 5 ml portion of dichloromethane
 .9. Add 0.5 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate to the combined dichloromethane extracts in the 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Swirl
the contents of the flask. The anhydrous sodium sulfate will absorb the small amount of water that is dissolved in the
dichloromethane and small amounts of water from the aqueous layer that may have gotten into the flask by accident. [If you
collected a substantial amount of emulsion in the Erlenmeyer flask, the sodium sulfate should help to “break” the emulsion.
You may need to separate the aqueous material from the dichloromethane solution at this point. Seek your instuctor’s help.]
 10. Decant the liquid from the flask into a 25 ml beaker. Place one Boileezer into the beaker. [Boileezer boiling chips or
stones help to prevent bumping by allowing bubbles to form smoothly during boiling.] Place the beaker on a hot plate and
when the volume of material in the beaker is between 3 and 5 ml start adding petroleum ether by means of a Pasteur pipet.
When the solution in the beaker begins to get cloudy remove the beaker from the heat and allow it to cool at your bench.
With luck, crystals of caffeine will form in the solution
 .11. Set up the Hirsh funnel from the microkit asshown in the illustration to the right. Be sure toclamp the filter flask to a
ring stand and to place apiece of filter paper in the funnel. Connect a rubberhose from the side-arm on the flask to the side-
arm(NOT THE BOTTOM) of the aspirator. Turn on theaspirator. Pour the crystals and mother liquor fromthe beaker into
the Hirsh funnel. If some crystalsstick to the beaker, you can scrape them out with aspatula or wash them out with the
mother liquor inthe filter flask if you used a clean flask. Allow air to be drawn through the crystals for 10 minutes. Place the
crystals in an unstoppered vial in your drawer.
 12. Next time weight the crystals of caffeine and determine their melting point. The melting point reported in the literature
is 238oC, so you can heat the Thiele tube rapidly at least up to 200oC. Do not exceed the 260oC limit of the thermometer.
Hand your sample of caffeine in along with your report sheet.
CONCLUSION
 Tea is very rich in antioxidants. It is the most widely used beverage all over the world. It also
has medicinal properties. In this study teas will be decaffeinated using dichloromethane as a
solvent. This study will be carried out to check the amount of caffeine in used tea leaves. It is
acceptable that the amount of caffeine decreased with every use. Caffeine from tea is
extracted by liquid-liquid extraction followed by recrystallization. Caffeine is the most
commonly used psychoactive drug in the world. It is a pharmacological active substance and
depending on the dose, can be a mild central nervous system stimulant. Approximately 80%
of the world’s Population Consumes Caffeine on daily basis. The purified caffeine is then
analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography or Iodometric back titration
method. The serious concern about potential use of caffeine for pathogenic effects has made
it one of the most broadly studied drugs.In the present study Caffeine content of different tea
and coffee samples were studied and it is found that the caffeine content varies from 1-5%.
The values generally agree well with literature quoted values of 2-5%.The Series of
experiments that have been conducted, we can conclude that the caffeine content of coffee is
relatively high as compared to other beverages and therefore we can also state that the
caffeine is highly soluble in Dichloromethane as compared to other solvents and also the
Tannins are more soluble in sodium carbonate as compared to other bases.
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