Object Localization

Salwa Mohomed Aboelmagd

 Three methods are frequently used to obtain such
three-dimensional information
1- Examine two images projected at right angles to each
other.
2-use the tube-shift technique.
3-in recent years, the advent of cone-beam imaging has
provided a new tool for obtaining three-dimensional
information.
The First Method
 two views made at right angles to one another

On a maxillary
The right-angle occlusal view, the
(or cross superimposition of
section) features in the
technique is best anterior part of the
for the skull frequently
mandible. obscures the area of
interest.
The second method

tube-shift technique

buccal-object rule

Clark’s rule
The rationale for this procedure

 therelative positions of radiographic images of two

separate objects change when the projection angle at
which the images were made is changed.
SLOB:
same lingual, opposite buccal
If the tube is shifted mesially If the tube is shifted mesially

object in question also moves mesially object in question also moves distally

the object lies lingual to the reference object the object lies buccal to the reference object
This technique assists in:

1-determining the position of impacted teeth.

2-the presence of foreign objects

works just as well when the x-ray machine
is moved vertically as

horizontally.
Tips & Tricks
Comparison of the anatomy
displayed on the images helps
distinguish changes in horizontal or
vertical angulation.
This structure lies buccal to
the teeth and appears to
move mesially as the x-ray
beam is oriented more from
the distal.
Examples:
Reference :

 Clark CA: A method of ascertaining the relative position of unerupted teeth by

means of film radiographs, Proc R Soc Med Odontol Sect 3:87–90, 1910.
Gutmann JL, Endo C: Clark’s rule vis a vis the buccal object rule: its evolution
and application in endodontics, J Hist Dent 59(1):12–15, 2011. Jacobs SG:
Radiographic localization of unerupted maxillary anterior teeth using the vertical
tube shift technique: the history and application of the method with some case
reports, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 116:415–423, 1999. Jacobs SG:
Radiographic localization of unerupted teeth: further findings about the vertical
tube shift method and other localization techniques, Am J Orthod Dentofac
Orthop 118:439–447, 2000. Jaju PP: Localization of mandibular canal by buccal
object rule, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 109:799; author
reply
Thank you