MARITIME

COMMUNICATION
Rahim Çonguloğlu
Master Lecturer
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF
MARITIME ?
 MARITIME SECTOR
GEMİ SAHİPLERİ
GEMİ ADAMLARI TERSANECİLER
GEMİ İNŞA MÜHENDİSLERİ GEMİ ACENTALARI

DENİZCİLİK OKULLARI-YAYINCILAR GRMİ BROKERLARI

YEDEKLEME VE KURTARMA ŞRK. SHIPŞENDIRLAR

GEMİ SÖRVEYÖRLERİ
MAKİNA VE TEÇHİZ. SAĞLA.

KLAS KURULUŞLARI

TAŞIMA ŞİRKETLERİ DANIŞMANLIK

YAĞ VE YAKIT TEMİN EDENLER
LOJİSTİK ŞİRKET.
SİGORTA ŞİRKETLERİ
LİMAN VE TERMİNAL İŞL.
CONTEYNER İMALATÇILARI BANKA VE FİNANS KURULUŞLARI
MARİNACILAR-YATÇILAR DENİZ HUKUKÇULARI
STEVEDOR-FORWARDERLAR
 SHIP TYPES

SHIPS

SPECIAL
DRY VSLS
GENERAL SERVICE
OIL CAR
BULK SHIPS YACHTS
GAS PASSENGER BARGE RESEARCH MILITARY
TIMBER TUGS &
CHEMICAL CRUISE RO-RO & BOATS
LOGS FLOAT CRN. SPORT
WINE & FISHING TRAINING AND
CONTAINER FIRE EXT. BOATS
WATER FERRIES SHIPS WARSHIPS
VSLS DREDGING
CARRIERS
 CARGO TYPES
CARGOES

Dry Liquid
Cargo Cargo

G/C
Pallets Bulk
Rolling
Bags Cargoes Reefer Veg. Oil
Logs Vehicles Crude Product LPG Chemical
Slings Cont. Grains Perish. Wine
Timber Cars Oil Oil LNG Cargoes
Cases Minerals Cargoes Water
Barges
Drums Ores
Bigbags
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF
COMMUNICATION ?
Definition of Communication (1 of 2)

The exchange of thoughts,

messages, or the like, as by
speech, signals or writing.

To express oneself in such a way

that one is readily and clearly
understood.
Definition of Communication

Communication is shared
feelings/shared understanding.

If you can honestly achieve that

goal, you are communicating.
 Definition of Communication

• Communication is “a dynamic process that

individuals use to exchange ideas, relate
experiences and share desires through speaking,
writing, gestures or sign language.“
Software Testing Help
 ETYMOLOGY

Audio < Latin, audre, hear

Communicate < Latin,
communicare,to make
common <communis,
common
Semaphore < Greek, sēma,
sign + -phoros, bearer
Message <Latin, missaticum <
mittere, to send

Visual < Latin, visus, sight <

videre, to see
 SOME WORDS

Facsimile (n) - Electronic

transmission of written
material
Orbit (v) - To move round (the
sun, the moon or any planet)
in an orbit
 WHY DO WE
COMMUNICATE ?
 Methods of Communication
One-Way
Memo, fax, e-mail, voice mail, letter.

Two-Way
Phone call, in-person.
Collaborative
Team meetings, consulting,
consensus, decision making,
group problem solving.
One can't not communicate!
Any kind of behaviour is communication
Communication is an interactive process of
sending and receiving messages
Communication can be seen as the link between
the sender’s and receiver’s internal experiences

The effectiveness of any

communication depends
on how closely the receiver’s
understanding matches
the sender’s intent ! Watzlawick, 1996
 Sender and Receiver
SIGNAL
= a recognisable
term, the sum of the
messages in
interpersonal
communication

The only message

SENDER
that matters
is the one the other
person receives
! RECEIVER
encodes the meaning deciphers this signal
in his mind to a signal so that a similar
meaning is stimulated
in his mind
Schulz von Thun, 2001
 CLASSIFICATION
OF
MARITIME COMMUNICATION
 CLASSIFICATION
OF
MARITIME COMMUNICATION

Maritime communication can be

classified as audio and visual
 CLASSIFICATION
OF
MARITIME COMMUNICATION

Maritime communication can be also

classified as Internal and external.
 CLASSIFICATION
OF
MARITIME COMMUNICATION

Marimaritime communication
can be classified as;
1. Audio Communication
2. Visual Communication
3. Radio Communication
4. Satellite Communication
 AUDIO COMMUNICATION

Audio communications can be

made using ship’s whistle, ship’s
bell, gong or siren.
Ship’s bell
SHIP’S WHISTLE
VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Ships carry lights to be noticed
by other mariners at night.
Knowing the lights, a seaman
can tell whether the other ship is
moving away or approaching.
The light from a lighthouse also
provides information.

Each lighthouse has its own code

of long and short bursts which tell
the mariner which lighthouse it is.
The flags that a ship hoists also
provide means of communication.
Semaphore is a visual signalling code in
which flags stand for different letters or
numbers.
Before the invention of the telegraph,
semaphore had been used to transmit
messages between distant points.
SEMAPHORE
An Aldis lamp is used for flashing
messages in Morse code.
MORSE ALPHABET
MORSE ALPHABET
 RADIO COMMUNICATION
Modern ships carry radio
communication equipment and
usually use VHF radio for
communication.
Other communications such as
facsimile and computer data can
also be transmitted by using a
modem.
VHF radio is used for short range
communications
HF radio is used for long distance
communication.
SATELLITTE COMMUNICATION

Satellites can provide continuous

communication coverage over
most of the earth.
Satellites are classified by the
height at which they orbit.
Satellites orbiting about 1000 km.
above the earth surface are LEO
(Low Earth Orbit) satellites. Satellites
flying between 1000 km. and
35,860km above the earth surface
are MEO (Medium Earth Orbit)
satellites.
In a circle 35 860 km. above
the equator, there is an area
where the satellites orbit the
earth at the same speed as
the earth rotates.
Satellites launched in this ring are
called GEO (Geosynchronous
Earth Orbit) satellites.
A specific satellite system established
by member countries of the IMO is a
GEO system called INMARSAT.
This system offers voice, facsimile,
data and distress communication
systems.
 ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1- What are the means aboard

for audio navigation?
2- What do ships carry for visual
communication?
3- Do ship lights help navigators?
5- What is an Aldis lamp used for?
6- What is the most common radio
communication way?
7- What is the advantage of using
HF instead of VHF?
Ask questions to the underlined
words.

1-The flags provide means

of communication.
What provides means of
communication?
2-The member countries of
IMO established a satellite
system.
What did the member
countries of IMO establish?
3- INMARSAT system offers
voice, facsimile, data and
distress communication
What does Inmarsat
system offer?
4- Facsimile and computer
data can also be transmitted
by using a modem.
What can also be transmitted
by using a modem?
5- An Aldis lamp is used
for flashing messages in
Morse code.
What is an Aldis lamp used for?
 1-Which one is not a visual
communication way?
a. flags
b. Aldis lamp
c. engine telegraph
d. semaphore
e. ship’s whistle
 1-Which one is not a visual
communication way?

e. ship’s whistle
 2- What uses Morse code?

a. ship’s light
b. Aldis lamp
c. lighthouses
d. buoys
e. semaphore
 2-What uses Morse code?

b. Aldis lamp
 3-Which one is not a
communication method?
a. INMARSAT
b. VHF
c. Morse code
d. telegraph
e. GPS
 3-Which one is not a
communication method?

e. GPS