NEW TOWNS

IN INDIA

MODULE- 2
 CHANDIGARH

A“SYMBOLIC OF THE FREEDOM

OF INDIA AND AN EXPRESSION
OF THE NATION’S FAITH IN THE F
UTURE.”
A CITY WHICH WOULD SYMBOLIZE ABSOLUTE FREEDOM.

It was decided by pt. Nehru to build a city

unfettered by the past. ‟A symbolic of the
freedom of India and an expression of the
nation’s faith in the future.”
CONCEPT : THREE DISCIPLINES
Discipline of money:
Discipline of technology:
Discipline of climate:

SHADE

AIR: cross ventilation

IDEA OF LE CORBUSIER : Basic Planning Concept
The city plan was conceived as post war ‘Garden City’ where in vertical an
d high rise buildings were ruled out, keeping in view the living habits of th
e people .Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as an alog
ous to human body, with a clearly defined human scale.
Head–capitol (place of power)
Heart –the city centre
Stomach–the commercial area
Arms–university and Industrial zone
Lungs–leisure valley ,open spaces
Arteries–network of roads
SECTORS:
The key of modern urbanism is 'the Sector',
which was defined as a container of family
life (24 solar hours: night and day).
Each sector was 800 meters by 1,200 meters,
enclosed by roads allocated
to fast-mechanized transport and sealed to
direct access from the houses.
Chandigarh had 30 sectors.

•Each SECTOR is a self-sufficient unit

having shops, school, health centers and
places of recreations and worship.
•The population of a sector varies between
3000 and 2000 depending upon the sizes of
plots and the topography of the area.
ROADS:

CONCEPT OF 7VS
V1- Fast roads connecting
Chandigarh to other towns
V2- Arterial roads
V3- Fast vehicular roads around
the sectors
V4- Meandering shopping
streets
V5- Sector circulation roads
V6- Access roads to houses
V7- Footpaths, cycle tracks
Buses will ply only on V1,
V2, V3 and V4 roads. A wall
shall seal the V3
HOUSING
The residential buildings were governed b
y a mechanism known as 'frame control'
created by the municipal administration to
control their facades. This fixed the
building line and height and the use of
building materials. Certain standard sizes
of doors and windows are specified and all
the gates and boundary walls must
conform to standard design. The idea was
to ensure that the view from the street,
which belonged to the community, was of
same visual order and discipline to
maintain uniformity.
HIERARCHY of GREEN AREAS
A Hierarchy of Green Spaces can
be observed in both the layout
ranging from Public Greens at City
Level to Semi-Private to Private
Green Areas.
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
All buildings located in the City Centre and commercial or institutional buil
dings located along V-2 roads were subjected to controls. The system of the
City Centre was based on a grid of columns. fixed 5.26 meters shuttering
pattern on concrete and a system of glazing or screen walls behind the line
of columns. The interior planning was left to the owners. and in the exterior,
certain variations are permitted to give variety to the architectural compositi
on.
THE ASSEMBLY HALL
THE SECRETARIAT BUILDING
THE CHANDIGARH PLAN
Chandigarh was planned as an Administrative
Town for a
population of 5 lakhs and built in two phases:
Sectors 1 to 30
which formed the First Phase, and Sectors 31 to
47 constituting
the Second Phase of its development. The City
was planned on
the principles of CIAM (Congress
Internationaux d’ Architecture
Moderne) Theories defining four major city-
functions i.e. Living,
Working, Care of Body & Spirit, and
Circulation.
BHUBANESWAR
 GANDHINAGAR
Gandhinagar got an identity of its own when the state of Mumbai was divided
into two separate states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. After Independence, the
territories in India were divided based on linguistic lines and former Bombay
state was divided into two states, Gujarat and Maharashtra. 

Gandhinagar, Gujarat's new capital city, lies on the west bank of the Sabarmati River.
There was a determination to make Gandhinagar a purely Indian enterprise,.
The capital city of Gujrat got its name from the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi.
Gandhinagar is supposed to be the only place which was designed and plan
ned by Indian Town Planners.
The planning was done by two Indian town planners; Prakash M. Apte &
H. K. Mewada.
The city is designed in such a way that it has 30 sectors where each sector
has its own shopping and community center, primary school and health
center.
SHAPE OF URBAN FORM
The city has been planned in GRID IRON METHOD.
It is a highly structured city and has orders street grid patterns.
It was built by taking inspiration from CHANDIGARH, BHUBANESHWAR.
 SERIAL ROAD ROAD WIDTH
ROADS No. NAME (ROW in m)
1 “K” ROAD 45.00
Gandhinagar's streets are numbered, and have
cross streets named for letters of the Gujarati  2 “KH” ROAD 65.00

alphabet 3 “G” ROAD 45.00

"k“ "kh", "g", 4 “GH” ROAD 65.00

"gh", "ch", "chh", 5 “CH” ROAD 100.00
"j") 6 “CHH” 65.00
All streets cross every kilometre, and at every ROAD
7 “JH” ROAD 91.45
crossing traffic circles decrease the speed of
Traffic. 8 Road no. 1 45.00

9 Road no. 2 45.00

10 Road no. 3 45.00

11 Road no. 4 100.00

12 Road no. 5 45.00

13 Road no. 6 45.00

14 Road no. 7 60.00

ROADS

The major factor which creates traffic problems in our country is the mixture of slow
and fast moving vehicles, segregation of the two is achieved by a traffic system
ensuring relatively safer and swifter passage for both.
The system consists of a grid (1 km. x 0.75 km.) of motor roads and another
grid (1 km. x 0.75 km.) of cycle pedestrian ways superimposed on each other so that
each residential community is served by motor roads on the periphery and cycle ways
within it.
 ROAD PATTERN

•With six lane main roads, you can easily

drive around the city.

The city is well connected by wide

central and arterial roads which follow a
well-defined pattern as in the map.
•The main town roads have been so oriented
as to be helpful in orienting the various
buildings correctly with respect to light
and air ventilation.
• The alignment of the distributor road within the sectors is taken in such a way
that it facilitates to orient the residential quarters in a correct manner.
•Practically in all the sectors, nearly 60% of the residential quarters have been
correctly oriented with reference to light air and ventilation.
ACTIVITY PATTERN
THE MAJOR ACTIVITY PATTERN OF THE DISTRICT IS:
1. Work areas
– The main work areas in the city are:
– Capital Complex and Government Offices.
– Light Industries Areas.
– City Centre.
– Public Institutions Area.
– Shopping, Commercial and Warehousing area.
– IT Parks
2. City centre
3. Shopping, commercial, and warehousing area
4. Residential areas
5. Recreation area
6. Sports centre
ACTIVITY PATTERN
THE MAJOR ACTIVITY PATTERN OF THE DISTRICT IS:
1. Work areas
•The main work areas in the city are:
•Capital Complex and Government Offices.
•Light Industries Areas.
•City Centre.
•Public Institutions Area.
•Shopping, Commercial and Warehousing area.
•IT Parks

These six areas together will generate most of the traffic within the city.
It was therefore necessary to locate each of these in such a way that the total volume of
traffic is well distributed within the city with a balanced pressure on all traffic routes.
ACTIVITY PATTERN

The government offices have been located to the south-east of the

geographical centre of the city while the industrial area is located to the north.
The prevailing breeze direction confirmed this location.
The city centre and the commercial area is situated a little to the north-east of
the geographical centre of the city with the public institutions area in the south
ACTIVITY PATTERN
Capital Complex and Government Offices:
The Capital Complex is placed on the south-east end of the central axis road no. 4 w
hich is planned as an avenue having a central green of about 60 metres (200 ft) widt
h. In the planned expansion of the city it was proposed to extend the city towards N
orth-West and extend the road no. 4, so that the capitol complex would remain the f
ocal point of the central avenue of the capital city.

Gujarat Assembly. Gandhinagar

 RESIDENTIAL AREAS:

Gandhinagar is planned to function

mainly as administrative center for the
state.
 The sectors are numbered from 1 to
30 and they are formed by seven roads
running in each direction and cutting
each other perpendicularly.
 They are planned on the
neighborhood concept in two phases:
First Phase - The basic amenities
were constructed.
Second phase - constructions of
capital complex, sports complex,
town halls, research institution,
cinemas, cultural centers, residential
Key Features Of Urban Planning In India:-

Urban Planning in India includes (but is not confined to) the following -
 Town planning
 Regulation of land use for residential and commercial purposes
 Construction of buildings
 Planning for economic development
 Planning for social development

 Constructions of bridges, Construction of roads

 Water supply for domestic use, industrial and commercial purposes
 Public health care management
 Sewerage, sanitation and solid waste management
 Proper fire services
 Urban forestation and maintenance
 Protection of environment through sustainable development
 Promotion of ecological balance and maintenance
 Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society
 Offering proper infrastructural help to the handicapped and mentally retarded
population of the society
 Organized slum improvement