DESCRIPTIVE LINEAR R

EGRESSION ANALYSIS
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
Nimrod B. Cabrera
Presenter
 CONTENTS

01 METHOD OF LEAST SQUARES

02 COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION
INTRODUCTION
KEY CONCEPTS
CORRELATION

• Statistical method used to determine if t

here is a relationship between variables
and the strength of the relationship.
• To determine the direction and magnitu
de of the linear relationship between tw
o quantitative variables, X and Y.
SCATTER PLOT

• A scatter plot is a graph of ordered pair

(x, y) of numbers consisting of the indep
endent variable x, and the dependent va
riable, y.
• The independent variable is the variabl
e that can be controlled or manipulated.
SCATTER PLOT

• The dependent variable is the variable

that cannot be controlled or manipulated.
• The independent variable is plotted on t
he horizontal axis and the dependent var
iable on the vertical axis.
SCATTER PLOT

•The purpose of this graph is to deter

mine the nature of the relationship b
etween the variables. The relationshi
p may be positive linear, negative lin
ear, curvilinear, or no discernible relat
ionship.
Independent
Variable: Year

Dependent
Variable:
Temperature
LINEAR REGRESSION
• Linear regression is the simplest and commonl
y used statistical measure for prediction studie
s.
• It is concerned with finding an equation that u
ses the known values of one or more variables,
called the independent or predictor variables,
to estimate the unknown value of quantitative
variable called the dependent or criterion.
LINEAR REGRESSION
• It is a prediction when a variable (y) is de
pendent on the second variable (x) base
d on the regression equation of a given
set of data.
PROBLEMS
Linear Regression
 CONTENTS

01 METHOD OF LEAST SQUARES

02 COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION
METHOD
OF LEAST SQUARES
Problem 1:
• Our goal is to find the equation of the least square line:
• Wherein b1 or b is the slope of the least square line.
• Wherein b0 or a is the y-intercept
Problem 1:
• Fit a least square line for the following data.
Problem 1:
• Let’s use scatterplot
Problem 1:
• Let’s use scatterplot
Problem 1:
• Let’s use scatterplot
Problem 1:
• Find the means of x and y values
Problem 1:
• Find the means of x and y values
Problem 1:
• Find the means of x and y values
Problem 1:
Problem 1:
Problem 1:
Problem 1:
• For the x values:
Problem 1:
• For the x values:
Problem 1:
• For the x values:
Problem 1:
• For the x values:
Problem 1:
• For the y values:
Problem 1:
• For the x values:
Problem 1:
• For the x values:
Problem 1:
Problem 1:
Problem 1:
Problem 1:
Problem 1:
Problem 1:
Problem 1:
Find the slope b1
Problem 1:
Find the y-intercept b0
Problem 1:
Find the y-intercept b0
Problem 1:
Find the y-intercept b0
Problem 1:
Find the y-intercept b0
Problem 1:
Find the y-intercept b0
Problem 1:
Find the y-intercept b0
Problem 1:
Therefore, the equation of the least square line/ regression line is:
Problem 1:
Therefore, the equation of the least square line/ regression line is:
Problem 2:
• Our goal is to find the equation of the least square line:
• Wherein b1 or b is the slope of the least square line.
• Wherein b0 or a is the y-intercept
Problem 2:
• Fit a least square line for the following data.
Problem 2:
• Solution:
Problem 2:
• Solution:
COEFFICIENT
OF DETERMINATION
Problem 1:
• Find R2 or the coefficient of determination given correlation
coefficient(R)
Problem 1:
• Find R sqaured or the coefficient of determination given corr
elation coefficient(R)
Problem 2:
• Using one of our previous example, find R squared or the co
efficient of determination
Problem 2:
• Using one of our previous example, find R squared or the co
efficient of determination
Problem 2:
• Using one of our previous example, find R squared or the co
efficient of determination
References
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMePNsXTVZI
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkMejZZPyvo
• https://www.ck12.org/statistics/scatter-plots/lesson/Scatter-Plot
s-MSM7/
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-concepts-statistics/
chapter/scatterplots-2-of-5/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKsJ1QKsVXk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvS2triCgOY
References
• https://www.emathzone.com/tutorials/basic-statistics/example-
method-of-least-squares.html
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LBTmVv3K_Q
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJMdZYMOEv0
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2FKXOa0HGA
Thank you so much for
watching
Stay safe and healthy!
Nimrod B. Cabrera
Presenter