System Analysis & Design

Section 8
Eng. Faten Khalifa
 SDLC

System
Planning Plan 
System
Analysis Proposal 
1. Architecture Design
2. Data storage Design System
3. Program design Design specification
4. Interface design

Implementation
 Design phase
• Design phase:
– develops the system requirements that describe
details for building (implementing) the system.

• Design phase vs. Analysis phase:

– The analysis phase purpose:
• figure out what the business needs.
– The design phase purpose
• decide how to build these needs.
 Design phase
1. Architecture design
2. Data Storage design
3. Program design
4. Interface design
 1 Architecture Design
– determines what hardware, operating system software, and
application software will be used.

– plans for how the system will be distributed across multiple

computers.

– has 4 types of architecture design:

1. Operational Requirements
2. Performance Requirements
3. Security Requirements
4. Cultural and Political Requirements
 1 Architecture Design
1. Operational Requirements
– specify the operating environment(s) in which the
system must perform and how those may change
over time.
 1 Architecture Design
1. Operational Requirements
 1 Architecture Design
1. Operational Requirements
Operational Requirements Example
 1 Architecture Design
2. Performance Requirements
– focus on performance issues such as response
time, capacity, and reliability
 1 Architecture Design
2. Performance Requirements
 1 Architecture Design
2. Performance Requirements

Performance Requirements Example

 1 Architecture Design
3. Security Requirements
– Security is the ability to protect the information
system from disruption and data loss, whether
caused by an intentional act (e.g., a hacker or a
terrorist attack) or a random event (e.g., disk
failure)
 1 Architecture Design
3. Security Requirements
 1 Architecture Design
3. Security Requirements

Security Requirements Example

 1 Architecture Design
4. Cultural and Political Requirements
– are specific to the countries in which the system
will be used
 1 Architecture Design
4. Cultural and Political Requirements
 2 Data Storage Design

• Data storage design is to

1) Select/choose the data storage format

2) convert the logical data model (ERD) created

during analysis into a physical data model (ERD)
to reflect the implementation decision.
 2 Data Storage Design

1) Select the type of data storage format.

• two types:
1. Files: electronic lists of data that have been
optimized to perform a particular transaction.
2. Database: a collection of groupings of information
that are related to each other in some way.
• A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that
creates and manipulates the databases. Examples:
MYSQL, Oracle, … .
2 Data Storage Design

Appointment File example

2 Data Storage Design

Appointment database example

 In your project:
1. Database (relational) is the storage format
2. DBMS: MYSQL or Oracle
 2 Data Storage Design
2) Convert logical ERD to physical ERD:
– The physical ERD:
• contains the same components as the logical ERD,
including entities, relationships, and attributes.
• shows how data will be stored
– Four steps to convert the logical to physical ERD:
• Step 1: Change Entities to Tables or Files
• Step 2: Change Attributes to Fields
• Step 3: Add Primary Keys
• Step 4: Add Foreign Keys
2 Data Storage Design

Tune Source Physical ERD

 3 Program Design
• In program design:
– Analysts determine what programs will be written and
create instructions for the programmers.
– Modify the DFD to show these implementation
decisions, resulting in a set of physical DFD
• identify how the data flows, data stores, and processes will
be implemented

– what programming language(s) will be used

 3 Program Design
• Converting logical DFD to physical DFD:
– physical DFD:
• contains the same components as the logical DFD, and
the same rules apply but adds additional details that
describe how the system will be built
– Three steps for conversion:
• Step 1: Add Implementation References
• Step 2: Draw a Human-Machine Boundary
• Step 3: Add System-Related Data Stores, Data Flows,
and Processes
 3 Program Design

Example 1: Logical DFD of the Promote Tunes Process

 3 Program Design

Example 1: Physical DFD of the Promote Tunes Process

Physical DFD for Tune Source Process 1: Search and Browse Tunes
 4 Interface Design
• Interface design
– is the process of defining how the system will
interact with external entities (i.e., users)
• PRINCIPLES FOR USER INTERFACE DESIGN:
– User interface design is an art
– The goal is to make the interface pleasing to the
eye and simple to use, while minimizing the
user’s effort
 4 Interface Design process
• User interface design is a five-step process
that is iterative.
 4 Interface Design process
• (1) Use Scenario Development
– is an outline of the steps that the user performs
to accomplish some part of what he/she wants.
– are presented in a simple narrative description
that is tied to the DFD.
 4 Interface Design process
• (1) Two Use Scenarios examples:

Two Use Scenarios for the Search and Browse Tunes

 4 Interface Design process
• (2) Interface Structure Design (ISD):

– defines the basic components of the interface and how they

work together to provide functionality to users.

– is used to show how all screens, forms, and reports are related
and how the user moves from one to another.

– is similar to a DFD in that it uses boxes and lines to show the

structure. However, unlike DFDs, there are no commonly used
rules or standards for ISDs.
4 Interface Design process

General Interface Structure Diagram

Tune Source system Interface Structure Diagram
 4 Interface Design process
• (3) Interface Standards Design:
– the basic design elements that are common
across the individual screens, forms, and reports
within the system
– Consists of:
• interface metaphor
• interface template
Tune Source Interface Standards: interface metaphor
Tune Source Interface Standards: interface template
 4 Interface Design process
• (4) Interface Design Prototyping
– a simulation of a computer screen, form, or report
– A prototype is prepared for each interface in the
system to show the users and the programmers how
the system will perform

– Common approaches to interface design

prototyping:
Storyboards: shows hand-drawn pictures of screens
HTML prototypes
An Example Storyboard
HTML-prototype for Tune Source: list by artist (interface 1.2)
HTML-prototype for Tune Source: information for one tune
(interface 4)
 Task
• Complete your project
– Finish the (1) design and (2) implementation
phases