Alarm System for

Human &
Animal Detection
BY USING AUTODESK TINKERCAD
 Introduction

Nowadays, in urban and village areas human animal conflict is a major problem
where human life is in danger and enormous amounts of animals are lost.  Due to
this people lose their livestock, property and sometimes their own lives. So, this
area needs to be monitored continuously to prevent the entry of robbers and also
wild animals. In this problem, I have developed a system which will monitor the
area. To begin with, it will detect intrusion around the area by using a PIR sensor,
ultrasonic sensor then the buzzer produces sound due to flow of electric charges
through it. 
Block Diagram
INPUT/TRIGGER DAQ (Data Acquisition Systems) OUTPUT

PIR Sensor
Buzzer
[Alarm]

Ultrasonic ATMEGA328P
Sensor
LEDs
[Indicator]

Slide Switch
 Flow
Diagram
 Passive Infra-Red Sensor (PIR Sensor)
An electronic sensor that measures infrared light radiating from objects in its field of view

PIR sensor is made of a pyroelectric sensor, which is able to detect different levels of
What is PIR Sensor? infrared radiation

Everything emits varied level radiation and the level of radiation will increase with the
increase of the object’s temperature
Passive InfraRed Sensor (PIR Sensor)
Working Voltage 4.5 V to 20 V
Output High: 3.3 V, Low: 0 V
Detection Angle Approximately
 
Range Adjustable, up to 7 m

Specifications Trigger Modes L unrepeatable trigger / H repeatable trigger (default)

(Stay-ON time) adjustable between 5 - 300 sec. It can be further increased by
Dwell Time increasing the value of the CY1-Timing capacitor on pin 4 of the IC.

Operating Temperature   − 20 ℃ −+80 ℃

33 x 25 mm,  14 mm High not including the lens; 
PCB Dimensions Lens: 11 mm High, 23mm Diameter

Weight 6 gram
 Passive InfraRed Sensor (PIR Sensor)
Pin Function
Delay Time Adjust Sets how long the output remains high after detecting
motion. Anywhere from 5 seconds to 5 minutes.
Sensitivity Adjust Sets the detection range. From 3 m to 7 m.
Ground pin Ground input
Digital Output Pin Low when no motion is detected.. High when motion is
detected. High is 3.3V.
Power Pin 4.5 to 20 V DC supply input
Passive InfraRed Sensor (PIR
Sensor)
This sensor is then placed behind a multifaceted lens (a Fresnel lens)  that “chops
up” the view of the world into smaller cones of heightened visibility and intervening
areas of lessened visibility thus widening the useful viewing /detection angle
dramatically.

PIR Sensing
Angle Diagram

Inside a Fresnel lens

Passive InfraRed Sensor (PIR Sensor)

1 This motion sensor consists of a Fresnel lens, an infrared detector, and supporting detection
circuitry
The lens on the sensor focuses any infrared radiation present around it towards the infrared
2
detector
Our bodies generate infrared heat and as a result,
How does PIR 3 this gets picked up by the motion sensor
sensor work? The sensor outputs a 5V signal for a period of one
4 minute as soon as it detects the presence of a
person
It offers a tentative range of detection of about
5 6-7 m and is highly sensitive
Passive InfraRed Sensor (PIR Sensor)

When the PIR motion sensor detects a

6 person, it outputs a 5V signal to the
Arduino
How does PIR
7 Thus, an interrupt on Arduino is triggered
sensor work?
We define what the Arduino should do as it
8 detects an intruder
Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object

What is Ultrasonic This sensor reads from 2 cm to 400 cm (0.8 inch to 157 inch) with an accuracy of
Sensor? 0.3 cm (0.1 inches)

This particular module comes with ultrasonic transmitter and receiver modules
Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
Power Supply + 5V DC
Quiescent Current  < 2 mA
Working Current 15 mA
Effectual Angle < 15°
Ranging Distance 2 cm – 400 cm / 1″ – 13 ft
Specifications
Resolution 0.3 cm
Measuring Angle   30  degree
Trigger Input Pulse Width 10uS TTL pulse
Echo Output Signal TTL pulse proportional to the distance range
Dimension 45 mm x 20 mm x 15 mm
Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
Ultrasonic Sensor Pinout

VCC Powers the sensor (5V)

Trig Trigger Input Pin
Echo Echo Output Pin
GND Common GND
 Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
The ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object

1. The ultrasound transmitter (trig

pin) emits a high-frequency sound
(40 kHz)
2. The sound travels through the air.
How does
If it finds an object, it bounces back
Ultrasonic sensor
to the module
work?

3. The ultrasound receiver (echo pin)

receives the reflected sound (echo)

The time between the transmission and reception of the signal allows us to
calculate the distance to an object
Piezo Buzzer
Piezo Buzzer is used to generate sound, beep or even melody of a sang

What is Main function of this is to convert the signal from audio to sound
Piezo Buzzer?

Generally, it is powered through DC voltage

Piezo Buzzer
Buzzer Pinout
Piezo Buzzer

How does
Piezo Buzzer
work?

If connecting Vcc to the positive (+ve) pin, Piezo Buzzer generates the constant sound
Piezo Buzzer

How does
Piezo Buzzer
work?

If generating a square wave of the specified frequency (and 50% duty cycle) on the
positive (+ve) pin, the Piezo Buzzer generates tones. The different frequency makes a
different tone. By changing the frequency of the signal on the positive (+ve) pin, that can
create the melody of a song.
Circuit AUTODESK TINKERCAD
Coding [Define & Setup]
Coding [Loop condition]
Coding [Loop condition cont…]
Coding [Loop condition cont...]
Coding [Ultrasonic distance calc...]
Future Improvement
Add micro servo motor for Non-Touch Automatic Door Open-Closed System

Opening and closing of doors have always been a boring job, especially in
places where a person is always required to open the door for visitors such as
hotels. This project is used to sense any body movement near the door. This is
achieved with the help of an ultrasonic sensor. Generally, a human body emits
infrared or heat energy which is detected by the PIR sensor from a particular
distance. This signal which is detected by the sensor is fed to a controller to
function a door motor through the servo motor. When a body reaches the
operating range of the ultrasonic sensor, it sends a signal to the microcontroller
to open and close the door.
Block Diagram
INPUT/TRIGGER DAQ (Data Acquisition Systems) OUTPUT

Buzzer
PIR Sensor
[Alarm]

Ultrasonic LEDs
ATMEGA328P
Sensor [Indicator]

Servo Motor
Slide Switch
Circuit AUTODESK TINKERCAD
Coding [Define & Setup]
Coding [Loop condition]
Coding [Loop condition cont…]
Coding [Ultrasonic distance calc...]
Conclusion

In conclusion, I have designed an alarm system for human and animal

detection using Arduino UNO, which is cost-effective, handy and portable as
well. Such alarm systems are highly in demand for security purposes. Thus, the
alarm system can be proved effectively and useful to the user. From this project
also, I can learn how to connect a micro servo motor on an Arduino UNO
because it is the first time I used a micro servo motor on the Arduino UNO. And
also I learned with Mr. Saad to create a code to function as follow all the
requirements needed by Mr. Saad which is a Non-Touch Automatic Door Open-
Closed System.
THANK YOU