Course Name: 

  Basics of M I S

Faculty : Dr. Smriti Pathak

smriti.pathak@scmsbengaluru.siu.edu.in
S.No. Topic Hours
Introduction                                       
Definition – need, objective and role of MIS – MIS as a Support in management process - Conceptual and physical
1 view of MIS, Components and resources of IS, - Contemporary approaches to IS – Types of Business Information 08
System.
IT Infrastructure
Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology
2 Server Infrastructure (File Servers, Exchange Servers,  Application Servers, Database servers) - Network 08
Infrastructure (WAN, LAN, Firewalls, DMZ), Storage Infrastructure (NetApps & SAN boxes),                
Emerging Technologies in IT infrastructure.
Decision Making
Types of decisions, stages, levels and environments – Decision making process - Overview of DM models –
3 Modeling decision situation.  Decision making Tools: DSS: Concept and philosophy, characteristics and 12
components of DSS - Payoff Matrix, Decision Tree and decision tables, Managing Knowledge and Collaboration,
Enhancing Decision Making
Data Warehousing: Meaning, Components of DW - Architecture – Data Mining: Introduction to
4 mining – Functionalities, classification of data mining systems, Data warehouse and OLAP for mining, types of 10
information from mining and application areas.
Applications of MIS in service: Information Systems in Global Business Today-Banking, Insurance, Airline, Hotel
5 and Education, Application in Manufacturing: Finance,HR, Material and Marketing. 10
Securing Information Systems 12
Information System, Organizations, and Strategy, Introduction to information security: Definition, secrecy and
6 confidentiality – accuracy, integrity and authenticity – Role and types of computer crime –  Malicious software –
introduction to Security Information system - Security Challenges and Vulnerabilities - Corporate Firewalls –
Encryption – Cyber Laws (section 72(A), 66(B), Sec. 65, 45(j), etc.)
 EVALUATIONS

Sr Detail Marks

1 Test 1 15

2 Test 2 15

3 MCQ 10

4 Project 10

5 Assignment 05

Total 40 Marks
Books
 Management Information System

• The process of collecting, processing, storing and

transmitting relevant information to support decision
making in any organization. (Laudon and Laudon, 2007)
• A system to convert data from internal and external
sources into information; and to communicate that
DEFINITION: information in an appropriate form to managers at all
levels, in all functions to enable them make timely and
effective decisions for planning, directing and controlling
WHAT IS MIS? the activities for which they are responsible (Bee and
Bee, 1999).
• An organized method of providing past, present and
projection Information relating to internal operations and
external intelligence, It supports the planning, control
and operational functions of an organization By
furnishing uniform information in a proper time frame to
assist the decision making process (Walter J. Kennevan,
1995)
 Meaning derived from above definitions:
MIS requires splitting the subject into three facets -
Management, Information and System. Management
is the process through which planning, organizing,
initiating and controlling of operations within business
is carried out. Information refers to stream of data that
have been processed to the form that makes sense or
organized data that has meaning. On the other hand,
system is an assemblage of different but interrelated
MEANING : MIS and interdependent parts that functions as a whole to
achieve common goal.
• Data is collected on past, present or expected
future events from within and outside the
organization.
• It is made available to those that require them at the
right time and right place.
• It ultimately supports decision making process.
 NEED OF MIS

• Helps in managing data. MIS helps in maintaining and managing crucial business
data for assisting in complex decision-making by the management
• Helps in analysis of various business trends.
• Helps in future / strategic planning and comparison.
• Helps in identification of business problems.
• Helps in increasing efficiency, reducing costs and improver overall performance
 OBJECTIVE OF MIS

• Data Capturing
• Processing of Data
• Storage
• Retrieval
• Dissemination
 ROLE OF MIS

• To assist data to be converted into information into business intelligence or wisdom.

• To assist information flow in a phased , simple and effective manner.
• To assist in making the information system a good link between all departments at all levels
• To assist understanding of decisions at all levels.
• To help in preparing alternative course of actions.
• To help evaluating all alternative course of actions,
• To help in deciding the right path for implementation.

• In short role of MIS revolves around these broad 5 points

• Decision making
• Coordination among the department
• Finding out Problems
• Comparison of Business Performance
• Strategies for an Organization
 MIS CHARACTERSTICS

• System Approach
• Management Oriented
• Need-Based
• Exception Based
• Future Oriented
• Integrated
• Long Term Planning
• Sub-System Concept
• Central Database
 MIS CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS

Challenges:

• High Cost
• Training of Employee
• Maintenance Cost

Limitations:

• It is not a solution to all problems of an organization.

• It cannot meet the special demands of each person.
• If designed in an improper manner does not serve the management.
• if the basic data is obsolete and outdated the MIS will be irrelevant.
• it ignores the qualitative information like the attitude of an employee.
Management :
Definition
Functions
Levels

Information:
Definition
Characterstics
Level

System
Definition
Diagram
Role and Need
Steps in Management Decision
Planning A selection from various alternatives - strategies,
resources, methods, etc.
Organization A selection of a combination out of several
combinations of the goals, people, resources, method
and authority.
Staffing Providing a proper manpower complement.
Directing Choosing a method from the various methods of
directing the efforts in the organization.
Coordinating Choice of the tools and the techniques for coordinating
the efforts for optimum results.
Controlling A selection of the exceptional conditions and the
decision guidelines
Conceptual View of MIS
Physical System
Contemporary Approaches to IS
Types of BIS
 Data

Data
By data we mean the raw facts or figures or events occurring in the organization. Data itself is useless, but when
these data is interpreted and processed to determine its true meaning, it becomes useful information.
 
Characteristics of Data
1. They are facts obtained by reading, observation, counting, measuring and weighing etc. which are then recorded.
2. Data is collected and derived from external and internal sources (activities with firm).
3. Data may be produced as an automatic by-product of some routine but essential operation such as the production
of an invoice or alternative a special counting or measuring procedure must be introduced and the result
recorded.
4. The source of data need be given considerable attention because if the sources of the data flawed, any resulting
information will be worthless.
Data Processing
Data or processing systems perform the essential role of collecting and processing the daily transactions of the
organizations. Data processing is necessary to ensure that the day-to-day activities of the organization are processed,
recorded and acted upon.
 Information

Information
 It is the data shaped into a meaningful form, which may be useful for human beings. So, when data are processed, interpreted, organized,
structured or presented so as to make it meaningful or useful, it is called information. Information is created from organized structured and
processed data in a particular context. Information is ‘knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance”.
 
Characteristics of Good Information
Good information is that which is used to create value.
1. Relevance: Information must be relevant to the problem being considered.
2. Accuracy: Information should be sufficiently accurate for it to be relied upon by the manager and for the purpose for which it is intended.
3. Completeness: All the information required for a decision should be available. This suggests that there should be interaction between
information providers and users to ensure that the key factors are identified.
4. Confidence in the source: For information to have value it must be
a. The source has been reliable in the past
b. There is good communication between the information producer and the manager.
5. Communication to the right person: All persons have a defined sphere of activity and responsibility and should receive information to help
them carry out their designated tasks. In practice this is not always as easy as it sounds. It is quite common for information to be supplied to
the wrong level in the organization. a superior may not pass it on the person who needs it whilst subordinates may hold onto information in
an attempt to make themselves seem indispensable.
 Types of Information

  Strategic: Needed for long range planning

and directions. This is less structured. Mission
Statement, 5-year plans etc
  Tactical: Needed to take short range
decisions to improve profitability and
performance. Cost Reduction, Sales Plan
  Operational: Needed for day-to-day
operations of the organization. Eg: Daily
Sales, Billing.
  Statutory: Needed by law to send to
government authorities. Eg: Sales tax return.
 Information System

• It can be any organized combination of

people, hardware, software,
communication software and data
resource that collects transformation or
screening the information in an
organization.
• It can be defined as a set of interrelated
components that collect (or retrieve),
process, store and distribute information
to support decision making, coordination
and control in an organization.
• It is a set of interrelated components that
collect or retrieve, process, store, and
distribute information to support decision
making and control in an organization.
 Components of Information System

People Resources : People are required for the operation of all information
system. People can be end users or system specialists
Data Resources : Data resources of an Information system are typically organized
into
• Database : Database holds processed and organized data.
• Knowledge Base : It holds knowledge in a variety of forms as facts, rules
Software Resources: It includes all sets of information processing instruction. It
is also two types:
• Program: Set of operating instructions the direct and computer hardware.
• Procedure: Set of Information processing instructions needed by people.
Hardware Resources: Include all physical devices and materials used in
information processing. It has also two types
• Machines : Computer, Video Monitor, Scanner.
• Media : Hardware in computer-based Information system.

Network Resources: These are the fundamental resource components of all

information Systems. It has also two types:
• Communication Media
• Network Support:
1. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) : It generally works in on-line mode by immediately processing a firm's business
transactions. A Transaction is an elementary activity conducted during business operations. TPS may work either in batch mode,
processing accumulated transactions at a single time later on, or in on-line mode, processing incoming transactions immediately.
 
2.Management Reporting Systems (MPS) : The objective of management reporting systems is to provide routine information to
managers. Managers receive performance reports within their specific areas of responsibility. Generally, these reports provide
internal information on the past and the present, rather than projecting the future. There may be demand or exception reports.
Demand reports are requested when needed. Exception reports are produced only when preestablished out-of-bounds conditions
occur and contain only the information regarding these conditions.
 
3. Decision Support Systems (DSS) : It directly support a decision-making session. These systems facilitate a dialog between the
user, who is considering alternative problem solutions, and the system that provides built-in models and access to databases. The
DSS databases are often extracts from the general databases of the enterprise or from external databases.
 
4. Executive Information Systems (ESS) : It support top managers with conveniently displayed summarized information, customized
for them. They make a variety of internal and external information readily available in a highly summarized and convenient form.
EIS are used to:
1. Monitor the performance of the organization
2. Assess the business environment
3. Develop strategic directions for the company's future
5. Expert Systems in Information Systems (ESS) : system that employs knowledge about its application domain and uses
an inferencing (reason) procedure to solve problems that would otherwise require human competence or expertise. The
essential component of the knowledge base is heuristics - informal, judgemental elements of knowledge within the expert
system's domain, such as oil exploration or stock valuation. The knowledge base is developed by working with domain
specialists. It is further enhanced as the system is used.
 
6. Office Information Systems (OAS) : The main objective is to facilitate communication between the members of an
organization and between the organization and its environment. OIS are used to:
1. Help manage documents represented in an electronic format
2. Handle messages, such as electronic mail, facsimile, and voice mail
3. Facilitate teleconferencing and electronic meetings
4. Facilitate the use of the Internet for communication and access to information
5. Facilitate the use of task-oriented teams through the use of groupware
 
7. Professional Support Systems : It help in tasks specific to various professions. As both organizational and individual
experience with information systems grow, more and more specialized categories of professional support systems
emerge.
 
 Reading References

• https://paginas.fe.up.pt/~acbrito/laudon/ch2/chpt2-1main.htm
•
https://ecomputernotes.com/mis/information-and-system-concepts/typesofinformationorganizationsuse
•
http://www.uop.edu.pk/ocontents/Chapter%207.%20Types%20of%20Information%20Systems%20in%20Busin
ess.pdf  
•
https://www.gjimt.ac.in/web/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/N111.pdf
•
https://nitsri.ac.in/Department/Electronics%20&%20Communication%20Engineering/MIS-Notes_New_-
word.pdf