CLIMATE CHANGE

MITIGATION
  Climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature and
typical weather patterns in a place
 Mitigation is an important step to face climate change
INTRODUCTIO
 Mitigation aims to slow down the climate change process
N  The core idea of Mitigation is Reducing Emissions & Increasing
Carbon sinks
WHY IS
MITIGATION
NEEDED ?
 Today’s atmosphere contains 42
% more CO2 than it did at
the start of the industrial era.  
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 IPCC estimates that
atmospheric CO2 concentration
should not go over 450 ppm to
meet the 2 degrees goal of
global warming, or 430 ppm,
for 1.5 degrees. It’s projected to
reach 450 ppm by the year 2040
WHY IS 
MITIGATION 
NEEDED ?
 Maximum Co2 emission to
meet Paris agreement gaols is
estimated to be 840GT  & we
are already Midway
 10GT of Co2 is added each
year to reach the target in 30
Years
 At the current rate of
emissions, we will reach global
concentration leading to 2
degrees of global warming
around the late 2030s
WHY IS 
MITIGATION 
NEEDED ?
 They project the emission pathways
between now and the year 2100 if
strong action is taken to reduce
emissions (RCP2.6), moderate action
is taken to reduce emissions (PCP 4.5
and 6.0) or no action is taken to
reduce emissions (scenario RCP8.5). 
 However, considering that the
infrastructure we invest in today has
a lifespan of around 30 years, it is
necessary to make changes now in
order to see a reduction in emissions
in the future
HOW TO REDUCE EMISSIONS ?

Identifying the largest Energy, Transportation & Identify the main causes in each
contributors to Emissions Agriculture are responsible for sector and finding solutions
70% total emissions
HOW TO REDUCE
EMISSIONS ?
 ENERGY Sector
 Responsible for 32% GHG
emissions
 Within the sector Buildings
consume 40% primary energy &
70% electricity
 Solutions
 Investing in Renewable energy
 Increase efficiency
 Replace energy sources
 Proper designing
 HOW TO
REDUCE EMISSIONS ?
 Agricultural Sector
 Responsible for 17%
GHG emissions
 Meat Production is the main Driver
 Clearing forests for grazing

 Growing animal fodder

 Animals emitting methane

 Solutions
 Change in Agricultural Practices
 Growing local and adaptable crops
 Avoiding Deforestation
 HOW TO
REDUCE EMISSIONS ?
 Transportation Sector
 Responsible for 17% GHG emissions

 Within Transportation avionics sector is to

be noted
 3% to 700% by 2050

 10% global emission by 2050

 Solutions
 Aviation Sector started acting – Carbon
Neutral Growth after 2020
 Efficient Aircrafts

 Efficient Routes

 Use of Biofuels

 Carbon Offsetting
 HOW TO REDUCE 
EMISSIONS ?
 EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet,
Health Report 2019
 Feed up to 10 billion people by 2050 within
planetary boundaries
 More plants, less meat: More fruits, vegetables,
nuts, seeds and whole grains,  substantially
limiting animal source foods. 
 More diverse crops: Agriculture and fisheries
must become more diverse 
 Innovate food production: Better yields from
cropland; better fertilizer and water use; climate-
smart agriculture. 
 No new cropland:  Approx. 50% of Earth
should remain intact ecosystems. 
 Reduce food waste: Reduce food losses in
production and food waste by individuals and
 Reducing Emissions Increasing Carbon
HOW TO REDUCE
Reduced meat consumption  sinks
Enhanced weathering of
  Buy local products rocks(Crushed rocks that react
EMISSIONS ? Efficient planes & Increased biofuel 
with air)
Increase Carbon content in soil
Upcycling and reusing 
Bioenergy powerplants with carbon
Using renewable energies absorption and storage
Efficient lighting and Low tillage  & Reforestation
home appliances  
Insulating home 
Electric cars 
 WHAT CAN
GOVERNMENTS DO ?

Increase ambition to address climate

change under Paris agreement
Empower Local authorities
Policies, Measures & incentives to
promote low carbon development
Incentives for low carbon solutions
Market measures such as tax on carbon
Awareness raising campaigns
Voluntarily Measure , Reduce &
Compensate GHG
 Offsetting a good example
WHAT CAN 
GOVERNMENTS DO ?

Regulatory Tools 
 Environmental Standards
 Technical/Emission Standards
 Restrictions and Bans
 Property laws and access rights
 Growing number of countries
are announcing a ban on the
sale of fossil fuel-powered cars
 WHAT CAN
GOVERNMENTS DO ?

Economic and Market Tools 

 Economic Incentives
• Tax rebates and exemptions 
• Direct financial support (subsidies,
grants, etc.) 
• Public investment (public projects,
green bonds, loans, feed-in tariffs,
etc.) Sustainable public procurement
 Full Cost Pricing  
• Polluters' pay charges 
• Environmental taxes 
• Users' pay charges 
• Removal of harmful subsidies 
• Payments for Ecosystem Services
Carbon trading
WHAT CAN 
GOVERNMENTS DO ?

Information and Awareness Raising Tools Voluntary action

Eco-labelling  Sectoral voluntary agreements 

Sustainability reporting  Negotiated agreements (i.e., with the participation of
Customer advice center  public institutions) 
Awareness-raising campaigns  Unitary voluntary agreements 
Training and education for climate action  Costa Rica's Public Private Collaboration 'Programa
País' is a voluntary programme through which
organizations may be awarded a C-Neutral
Certification
 WHAT CAN COMPANI
ES  DO ?

Companies
 Estimate GHG emission
 Reduce GHG emissions
 Offsetting or compensation
 Support policies and actions
 Set a price on carbon
 Divest from fossil fuel

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

WHAT CAN CITIZENS
DO ?

Individuals
 Estimate Carbon Footprint –
Using Citizens climate pledge
 Reduce Emissions
 Offset or compensate emissions
 Exercise civil Action – Rights
 Demand & Support actions by
companies
WHAT CAN CITIZENS DO ?

Transport 

• Walk and cycle to get around

• Use public transport or  carpooling
• Avoid flying
• Choose to work remotely 

Energy use 

• Switch off lights and unplug appliances when not in use.

• Use energy-efficient light bulbs. 
• Only run the dishwasher and washing machine when full. 
• Conserve water by collecting rainwater, using water-efficient devices etc.
• Switch to renewable energy to power your home
WHAT CAN CITIZENS DO ?

Food and Products 

• Eat less meat

• Consume local and in-season products by shopping at your local market. 
• Plant your own vegetables and fruits. 
• Reduce your food waste by planning groceries adequately and keeping leftovers.
• Buy certified products with environmental and social standards

Investment 

• Put your savings in and use a responsible bank that makes sustainable investments. 
• Support brands and products that are environmentally and socially sustainable. 
• Stay informed about how your pension and insurance companies operate. Don't be afraid to ask questions and
make demands. 
• Demand sustainable procurement of materials and services at your workplace. 
 WHAT CAN
CITIZENS DO ?
 Refuse , Reduce,Recycle, Reuse 
 Refuse or reduce disposable goods 
 Donate 
 Visit secondhand shops when you
need something.  
 Avoid excessive packaging
 Carry your own water bottle and
cloth bags
 Recycle all you can and learn to do it
correctly 
 Purchase well-made durable products
 Borrow the items you rarely use 

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

CONCLUSION

 Everyone in society has a role to play

 To begin with, both companies and
individuals can calculate their carbon
footprint
 Secondly, both  can reduce emissions
 When this is not possible, both  can
offset their emissions
 Lastly, both can raise awareness ,
demand and support governments etc
THANK YOU