АКАДЕМИЈА СТРУКОВНИХ СТУДИЈА КОСОВСКО МЕТОХИЈСКА ОДСЕК ЗВЕЧАН

SAFETY OF FUNCTIONING OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

essay

Subject: English

Student: Snežana Radovanović Professor:

No. index: 11/2020 Jelena Vilimonović
 SAFETY OF FUNCTIONING OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

Maintenance of technical systems (machines and devices), regarding to means of work, as a

function and part of the production process, occupies an important place in the production
system of every company today.
Maintenance is defined as constant control over all means of work, as well as performing
certain repairs and preventive actions, whose goal is constant, functional training and storage of
production equipment, plants and other machines and devices.
The term maintenance comes with every term of production of certain goods.
 MAINTENANCE OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

• Minimalize cost due to downtime due to unplanned malfunctions on work

equipment.
• Prevention, regarding to slowing down the obsolescence of means of work, which
occurs as a consequence of poor product quality and scrap.
• Reduction of labor costs and materials in production, which occur due to increased
failures and downtime in the work process.
• Providing organized assistance wherever maintenance and management of work
equipment is required.
 Technical-technological contribute to

innovation and improvement

of means of work
realization and improvement of
maintaining the working
other technical-technological
capacity of funds at the required
properties of means for work and
work process level and increasing the

achieving a more even and

reliability of funds in the
faster course of the current
work process
process as a whole

achieving better product achieving a longer working

quality life of funds for work
 Economically contributing

increasing labor
productivity in
production

rational use of reduction of

means for work production
in production costs
 SAFETY OF FUNCTIONING OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

System maintenance can be defined in many ways, one of which is that maintenance is “the
implementation of all measures necessary for a machine, plant or entire factory to function
properly, developing performance within the prescribed limits, in terms of required performance
and quality, without cancellation and with the prescribed security of the environment, and under
the assumption of good security of all conditions, regarding with the necessary human support ".

• Can it be included in the work,

• How much it can work and,
• How to perform the task
Maintenance and life cycle of the technical system

Lifetime of a • Conceptual and conceptual

machine, plant, solution,
device or any other
system includes five • Development and design,
time phases
• Production and
commissioning,

• Use and maintenance and

• Expenditure.
 Lifetime costs are divided into

Procurement Labor costs (labor, Maintenance costs Administration

(maintenance labor,
costs (transport, propulsion energy,
spare parts, tools,
costs
delivery, ancillary facilities devices and (management,
insurance) and installations) maintenance facilities) administration)
State of the technical system

Terms that describe the state of the system in more detail are:
• Operating state,
• Non-operating state,
• Unplanned downtime - standby state, non-working state during working hours,
• Functional downtime - idle state, idle state during downtime,
• Disability state, a state of the system in which he cannot perform tasks for any reason,
• Induced inactivity / downtime - external disabled state, inoperable condition caused exclusively by
external reasons, unrelated to maintenance,
• Down state, downtime due to cancellation or implementation of extensive preventive maintenance,
• State of work - up state, the system performs its tasks if it is logistically provided and supported,
• Active state - busy state, the system performs its tasks in the prescribed manner,
• Critical state - the system causes unwanted consequences, injuries and material damage.
 TECHNICAL SYSTEM MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS

There are two approaches to the maintenance methodology:

• Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM),

• Total Productive Maintenance (TPM).

The main goals and methods of the RCM methodology are:

• Ensuring the reliability and safety of the plant, regarding the facility that is maintained at a level that
corresponds to its built-in properties (refers to the success of construction and quality of
workmanship);
• In case of failure, malfunction or any functional error, return the plant to the previous level of
reliability and safety;
• Obtaining the information necessary to improve the construction, regarding the improvement of
those elements whose inherent reliability is insufficient and
• Achieving all those tasks at the lowest possible cost, including maintenance costs and the costs of
the consequences of failures that cannot be eliminated.
 TPM methodology includes:

• Organization of the production system harmonized with the needs of maintenance, which
enables high efficiency of the production process;
• Organic connection of the production process and the maintenance process of machines and
devices by which the production is realized, which prevents failures and malfunctions,
eliminates downtime and prevents the exit from the production of parts that do not meet the
required quality standards - production without defects;
• Involvement in the maintenance process of all sectors, along with the production sector and
the development, sales and management sector, while stimulating interest in the quality of
implementation of maintenance procedures, for the achieved effectiveness of the production
process;
• Involvement in the maintenance of each individual worker, from top management to machine
workers, allows for continuous improvement and innovation of maintenance procedures, as
well as efficient training of operators and other employees;
• Realization of production process and business without losses due to failure of machines and
devices, regading to production system without errors.
 There are two basic concepts:

• Preventive maintenance
• Corrective maintenance.

The concept of preventive maintenance requires that maintenance procedures be carried

out before a failure occurs while the system is operational. Preventive maintenance procedures
have the task of preventing or delaying the occurrence of failure.
The concept of corrective maintenance requires that maintenance procedures be carried
out only if a failure occurs. Corrective maintenance procedures repair the system and are
performed only if the system is in a failed state.
These two concepts of maintenance are in fact different variants of combined
maintenance.
 MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS

Each variant of the maintenance strategy causes certain effects, certain readiness, costs
and other characteristics of the maintenance system, therefore the output characteristics of the
system for each variant should be expressed clearly and quantitatively.

Comparing different variants of the strategy is a multi-criteria problem (readiness, costs,

etc.), which is successfully solved only if all important requirements and limitations are clearly
defined, ie the function of the goal of the observed system.
Analysis and optimization of maintenance systems can be performed using:

• Mathematical models

• Empirical-heuristic methods

●
Provides opportunities to view the technical system as a whole, as an
entity, so simulation or other techniques allow to define the impact of all
variable parameters.

Mathematic ●

●
Allows comparison of several possible variants.
Facilitates the detection of connections between certain influential
parameters that have not been previously observed or that cannot be
established by verbal and experiential methods.

al models ●

●
Indicates the data that need to be provided in order to conduct the
necessary analyzes.
Facilitates predictions of future situations or events, with risk
assessments or confidence limits.
 • They include factors that cannot be included in the mathematical model, which cannot be analytically
unambiguously related to other factors.
• They allow the analysis of subjective and other factors that cannot be described analytically.
• Provide expression of experience and creativity in expert systems. The optimization process requires to define:
• Criteria according to which the best, ie optimal solution should be selected and
• Important limitations to consider. Which solution is optimal:
• The optimal solution is the one that gives the lowest maintenance costs and
Empirical-heuristic • The optimal solution is the one that provides the highest readiness of the technical system.
methods:
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!