EXPERT MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM

ON NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE(BRAIN CANCER)

BY
MGBERE DANIEL CHINWI
CLU/16/SC/CSC/005
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
CLIFFORD UNIVERSITY, OWERRINTA, ABIA STATE.

NOV., 2020.
 ABSTRACT
Detecting diseases at early stage can enable us to overcome and treat them
appropriately. Identifying the treatment accurately depends on the method that
is used in diagnosing the diseases. An Expert Medical Diagnosis System can help a
great deal in identifying those diseases and describe methods of treatment to be
carried out taking into account the user capability in order to deal and interact
with expert system easily and clearly. Present expert system uses inference rules
that play an important role in providing certain methods of diagnosis for disease
treatment.
 ABSTRACT CONT.D
The developed system is influenced by various evident factors collected from
plethora of sources such as physicians, books, internet, medical journals, etc. The
variety of factors acts as indicator and serves the basis of rules formation. Rules
formations are further engineered with the help of modern techniques like Fuzzy
Logic to create an inference engine, which subsequently produces the
output/results of the detected disease on the patient. As for this project work,
Decision Tree approach is being taking into consideration. The system is efficient
enough to forecast whether a person is suffering from brain disease like
Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. The proposed medical expert system is
designed using Microsoft Office Visual Basic 6.0 Programming Language and
Microsoft Access. It has been further validated and has produced an effective
result.
 INTRODUCTION
The fundamental reason for visiting a hospital is to get adequate
treatment and attention without delay from the best hands. No patient
wants to be a specimen for a doctor especially one that has not
improved on the knowledge gained since graduation from the medical
school and at the same time, patients do not like to be delayed in
receiving treatment for whatever reason. All these aforementioned have
become the order of the day in most hospitals; especially in developing
countries.
 INTRODUCTION [CONT.]
Patients cannot get to see the doctor at the appropriate time and there
are some patients that find it difficult communicating their health issues
and the doctors in turn have no time to keep asking the probable questions.
There are also cases of patients that do not like going to the hospital for
various reasons such as the smell of drugs, some unwelcoming nurses, doctors
not on seat at the appropriate time to attend to patients, and they sometime
attempt to their private businesses. It becomes intimidating as the death rate
in most developing countries increases even due to minor ailments that could
have being treated. These call for a computer-based method of improving the
quality of medical services.
 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
The activities carried out in the hospitals are done manually up till now, which makes it
cumbersome to search for some vital records about a particular patient. The problem
arises when patients are not able to get quality attention and time needed from the
medical practitioners which causes delay and increased cases of un-managed health
conditions which leads to death of the individual. Also health care facilities should be
easily accessible by all and sundry at any point in time. And in view of the forgoing, it
would be of great benefit to provide a system that will offer a balancing medical service,
such as medical diagnosis of diseases in places where accessibility is a problem as well
as health care facilities and qualified expertise are lacking; hence there arose this topic,
Medical Diagnosis Expert System {MEDIEXSYS} on Brain diseases.
This project work is designed as a software package that will be utilized by the doctors
in hospitals, clinic and general practitioners in the medical field at large.
 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this research is to design and implement an Expert Medical
Diagnostic System for non-communicable disease (Brain Disease) which will
be achieved through the following objectives:
1. Modeling the requirements gathered using a Unified Modeling Language
(UML).
2. Designing and creating a user-friendly platform that will be easier for the
patients and staff of the hospital to interact with.
3. Implementing the system using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Programming
Language and Microsoft Access.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
1. DE DOMBAL’S LEED ABDOMINAL SYSTEM (De Dombal et al, 1972) designed an
expert system for acute abdominal pain.
2. INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT DEVELOPMENT MYCIN (Reynolds, 1988) who
developed an expert system for diagnosing and recommending treatment of
bacterial infection of the blood.
3. (Ray, 2003)- Expert System imitating what humans can do.
4. (Mahmoud, et al, 2018)- Brain disease has become one of the most dangerous
disease over the past decades.
i. (NBTF)
ii. (MRIs)- Magnetic Resonance Images are a rich source of information for brain
tumor diagnosis and treatment.
5. (Dandıl, et al. 2006)- benign and malign
6. (HIS)- Expert System Integration.
 GAP IN LITERATURE
1. Efficiency of the system since it maintains centralized database for
the hospital, saves time for medical consultation, Diagnoses made
are often accurate since doctors are provided with a disease
database to work with, death rate is reduced due to prompt
diagnosis and treatment.
2. Centralized control removes duplication and ensures that updates
are propagated to copies.
3. The new system upholds one of the ethics of the medical
profession which has to do with keeping secrets.
4. The system ensures that information about patient diagnosis is not
related to an unauthorized person
 RESEARCH DESIGN
Research Design is an investigation undertaken in order to discover new

facts and get existing information, through a planned systematic collection,

analysis and interpretation of data. In this study, the Object Oriented System

Analysis and Design Methodology (OOSADM) was adopted.

 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
ORAL INTERVIEW: Questions asked during Oral Interview
1. What are the processes involve in carrying out diagnosis?
Ans: The processes involved represents a moral, professional, and
public health imperative because diagnosis is a key aspect of health care
that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine
a patient's health problem.

2. What are the categories of brain disease?

Ans: Brain diseases come in different forms like
trauma, stroke, seizures, and tumors.
 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION CONT.D
3. Does injury have any effect in the brain?
Ans: Yes, it causes a temporary disturbance in brain function, unconsciousness
and confusion; traumatic head injuries cause concussions and may result
in headache, along with unconcentration and memory problems.

4. What are the remedies of brain disease/cancer?

Ans: There's no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, but treatment can still
help. Treatment for these diseases tries to reduce symptoms and maintain quality
of life. Treatment often involves the use of medications to control symptoms.
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
CONT.D
Study of Manuals
Manuals and report based used by lab attendant were studied and
a lot of information concerning the system in question was
obtained.
 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION CONT.D
Evaluation of Forms
Some forms that are necessary and available were asked. These
include admission card, lab form, test result, bill card Etc. These
forms help in the design of the new system.
 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION CONT.D
Internet Surfing
The researchers got some information on the internet as additional information regarding
the study. Surfing the internet is the fastest way of collecting or gathering data or
information.

Library Technique
Various materials in the library are used by researchers including books, thesis and other
special sources to meet all the necessary items needed in the requirements. The
researchers used this method to gather some information regarding to the improvement of
the system.
 
RESULTS FROM DATA COLLECTIONS
Reliable facts where gotten from the research conducted in
studying hospital manuals, evaluation of forms, and oral interview.
The results achieved are as follows:
1. How predictions are given to patients
2. How to know the symptoms of brain diseases
3. How to respond to patients illness
4. Brain Disease prevention measures, etc.
 VISUAL MODELING
Visual modeling is the process of graphically depicting the system to be
developed. Visual modeling allows you to present essential details of a
complex problem and filter out the non-essential details. It also
provides a mechanism for viewing the system to be developed from
different perspectives. They include;

i. The Procedure View

ii. Use Case Modeling

 THE PROCEDURE VIEW
This view depicts the architectural procedure
of the program by showing their respective
order of hierarchy, linking tasks on the same
level of execution.
 ARCHITECTURAL VIEW OF AN EXPERT SYSTEMS

The process of building expert system is often called

knowledge engineering. The knowledge engineer is involved
with all components of an expert system:

Expert System Architecture

THE PROCEDURE VIEW (Cont.)

Procedure Chart
 USE CASE VIEW
A use case illustrates a unit of functionality provided by
the system. This view helps the user to visualize the
functional requirements of a system, including the
relationship of the “Doctor” and “Patient” to essential
processes involved in the software program.
Fig: use case diagram
for the proposed
system
MAIN PROGRAM
FLOWCHART
MAIN PROGRAM
FLOWCHART [CONT.]
Sample outputs

Splash screen
Sample outputs

Main menu
Sample outputs

Patients registration
page
Sample outputs

Patients complaints
 Sample outputs

Doctors Questions/Patients Response

Sample outputs

Diagnosis Result
 CONCLUSION
Medical Diagnosis Expert System [MEDIEXSYS] is presently a “hot cake”
research area in the field of medicine and it is believed that they will
receive broad application to biomedical system in the next few years.
Because human have many limitation in diagnosis, study shows that best
human diagnosis (most experienced physician) diagnosed 79.7%.
Computer with expert database 83.2%, whereas computer with web-base
net 92.2% suggestion was that human combine with web-base net data
will give a high degree of accuracy in diagnosis.
 SUMMARY
This research is meant to enhance the conservative medical model used
by physician for diseases diagnosis in an intensive care unit environment.
The knowledge domain is got by extensive consultations with knowledge
experts in the field of microbiology and literature review. These
consultations enabled the formulation of production rules. The expert
system has been developed using Visual Basic 6.0 IDE. The process takes
time but gives freedom to the developer to think and produce original
work.
 RECOMMENDATIONS
It is a must that in research of this magnitude a possible suggestion or
recommendation be make to save-guide the future researcher on the subject
matter. Thus the following are the recommendation drawn from the work.
1. The knowledge domain of the ”Expert System for non-communicable diseases (Brain
disease) Diagnosis,” should be upgraded to include other communicable and complete non-
communicable diseases, for a better large scope of usage.
2. There should be favorable conditions and enough time frames to students who are
undergoing their project work for a better studies and full development of expert systems in
different medical problem areas.
3. Doctors and Paramedic should undergo more training program on diagnosis skills, patient
should be told the implication of not giving the exact information regarding their condition.
4. Standard software on Medical Diagnosis Expert System should be made available on the
INTERNET, so that doctors may easily reference to it where necessary
 THANK
YOU ALL
MGBERE DANIEL CHINWIDE
CLU/16/SC/CSC/005