HERE’S THE MATTER Lesson 1

PARTICULATE NATURE OF
MATTER
 Anaximenes asserted that the primal element was air.
PARTICULATE NATURE OF
MATTER
 Thales of Miletus thought it was water.
PARTICULATE NATURE OF
MATTER
 Heraclitus believed it was fire.
PARTICULATE NATURE OF
MATTER
 From these initial ideas, Empedocles later proposed that
all matter is made up of four fundamental elements –
namely, earth, air, fire and water.
WHAT IS MATTER?
 It is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
WHAT IS MATTER?
 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
- Plants, buildings, planets, animals and people too.
Even air is made up of matter.
- We can’t see air, how can we prove air is made of
matter?
 Can you think of something made of matter?
STATES OF MATTER
Solid – has definite shape and
volume.
Liquid – has no definite shape but
has definite volume.
Gas – takes both the shape and
volume of its container.
STATES OF MATTER
Plasma – formed by heating and
ionizing a gas and is made up of groups
of negatively and positively charged
particles.
Bose-Einstein Condensate – produced
when a cloud of bosons is cooled to
temperatures very close to absolute
zero such that a large fraction of the
bosons condense.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Physical Properties
 Must be observed without changing a compound/element into
another compound/element.
 Boiling point, density, mass, volume, etc.

Chemical Properties
 Can only be observed when a compound/element is changed
into another compound/element.
 Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with acid, etc.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Extensive Properties
 depend on the amount of matter.
 mass, length, size, volume

Intensive Properties
 depend on the type of matter.
 density, color, physical state, melting, boiling and freezing points, thermal
conductivity.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MATTER
Pure Substance
 characterized by an unchanging or specific composition.
- Elements – composed of only one kind of atom.
- Compounds – composed of two or more elements combined chemically in definite
proportions.

Mixture
 composed of different pure substances that are physically combined in
variable proportions.
- Homogeneous – exist in a single phase.
- Heterogeneous – its components are not evenly distributed in the sample.
PURE SUBSTANCES AND
MIXTURES IN CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
Household Cleaning Materials
 bleach, soap and detergent

Personal Care Products

 makeup, lotion, toothpaste